In addition to the MLA, Chicago, and APA styles, your school, university, publication, or institution may have its own requirements for citations. By the summer of 1794 what little patience they had was exhausted. The next day, with support from soldiers from Fort Pitt, Neville continued fighting the rebels until he was forced to flee. Because each style has its own formatting nuances that evolve over time and not all information is available for every reference entry or article, Encyclopedia.com cannot guarantee each citation it generates. For a small group of farmers west of the Allegheny Mountains, the federal excise tax was singularly detestable. Led by alexander hamilton, Washington's secretary of state, the federal troops met little opposition. Encyclopedia.com. Washington took command of roughly 12,000 men. Encyclopedia.com. Tax evasion is a criminal offense under fed, Tax returns include all the required paperwork that accompanies the remittance of taxes to the appropriate government agencies, the largest of these, FLAT TAX PROVISION (ISSUE) By defeating the insurrection and then trivializing its roots, Federalist elites narrowed the scope of legitimate popular action to the ballot box. Tax Collector John Neville was with Lenox. Washington became the only sitting U.S. President to personally lead troops in the field. West's Encyclopedia of American Law. World Encyclopedia. Journal of American History 87, no. "Whiskey Rebellion Keeping a few soldiers in western Pennsylvania to maintain order, the federal army departed for Philadelphia, having arrested more than 150 people suspected of criminal activity. Cite this article Pick a style below, and copy the text for your bibliography. Although Hamilton would later portray them as radical anti-federalists, they held moderate views about the national government. Encyclopedia.com. The Jay Treaty (1794) with Great Britain, and the Pinckney Treaty (1795) with Spain moved foreign troops away from western American borders and opened the Mississippi River to American shipping. Encyclopedia of the New American Nation. The name "Whiskey Insurrection"coined, it seems, by Hamiltonsuggests that the unrest was sudden, knee-jerk, and alcohol induced. . 3 (December 1972): 567584. . "Whiskey Rebellion The crowd elected a group of men to meet with the peace commissioners that had been sent by President Washington. Therefore, its best to use Encyclopedia.com citations as a starting point before checking the style against your school or publications requirements and the most-recent information available at these sites: http://www.chicagomanualofstyle.org/tools_citationguide.html. Stills with the capacity to annually produce at least 400 gallons of whiskey were taxed between 7 and 18 cents a gallon, depending on the proof of the liquor. (June 21, 2022). Circumstantial evidence seems to indicate that Hamilton promoted the original misunderstanding and sent the army west solely for that purpose. Congress passed a law that levied a tax on distilled spirits.
While the bill was in Congress, the U.S. District Court of Pennsylvania issued a series of processes returnable to Philadelphia. Bruchey, Stuart. Badwin, Leland Dewitt. New York: Harper and Row, 1965. Nevertheless, on 7 August President George Washington issued a proclamation ordering the disaffected westerners to their homes and called up the militia from Maryland, Virginia, Pennsylvania, and New Jersey. One of the defendants died before trial began, one defendant was released because of mistaken identity, and nine others were charged with minor federal offenses. Their many grievances included the failure to open the Mississippi River to navigation, the dilatory conduct of the Indian wars, the speculative prices of land, arduous and ill-paid militia duty, scarcity of specie, and the creation of a salaried official class. Cash was a disfavored currency in western Pennsylvania during the late eighteenth century, but whiskey, especially Monongahela Rye, was as valuable as gold. The tax was loathed across the country. Events like Lynn's kidnapping threatened federal tax collectors all across western Pennsylvania during the summer of 1794. A graduated tax taxes at different tax rates. That same day, Washington invoked the Militia Act of 1792, which, after Federal court approval, allowed the President to use state militiamen to put down internal rebellions. Based on these rates, the average distiller was required to pay only a few dollars in liquor tax each year. The western frontiersmen believed that they were maintaining their rights against the distant federal government in the same way their predecessors had done against the British government during the 1760s and 1770s. They also convinced them not to burn property in the town and allowed them to expel some of the most obnoxious townsmen. Encyclopedia.com. 2022 
American History Central is an independent encyclopedia of American history, built on the eCMS platform. . Pittsburgh: University of Pittsburgh Press, 1976. On more than sixty occasions between 1787 and 1795, Pennsylvania farmers blocked roads to keep out tax collectors. Of those who participated in the insurrection all of them were pardoned, except 33 men. Of the 33 who were arrested, only two were convicted of treason. After mobilizing nearly fifteen thousand militiamen from four states, Washington and Hamilton personally led the troops westward in late September. Retrieved June 21, 2022 from Encyclopedia.com: https://www.encyclopedia.com/history/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/whiskey-rebellion-1. Bouton, Terry. Baldwin, Leland D. "Whiskey Rebellion Encyclopedia.com. Therefore, be sure to refer to those guidelines when editing your bibliography or works cited list. Encyclopedia of the New American Nation. "Whiskey Rebellion By the time Washington arrived, most of the rebels were gone, but around 150 were arrested. Although Lynn kept his promise, the notoriety he gained from his association with the tax ruined his business. They demanded that Neville resign his position and turn over records he had collected on local distilleries. But even an annual tax of $5 would have consumed a large percentage of the disposable income earned by farmers in the barter-based economy of western Pennsylvania. Before the war hundreds of families crossed the Appalachian Mountains, searching for better, cheaper land. See alsoFrontiersmen; Hamilton, Alexander; Pennsylvania; Taxation, Public Finance, and Public Debt; Washington, George . Retrieved June 21, 2022 from Encyclopedia.com: https://www.encyclopedia.com/history/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/whiskey-rebellion-0. . In June 1794, innkeeper John Lynn agreed to sublet part of his rented house in western Pennsylvania to John Neville. Boyd, Stephen R., ed. ."
The mob was pushed back and they went to find more men to help them.
However, the date of retrieval is often important. Living close to survival's edge, they embraced an emotional form of Christianity that underscored the frailty of human will and effort. Most online reference entries and articles do not have page numbers. The tax was especially hard on the owners of the Western distilleries. Itinerant preachers told frontier seekers that God did not respect earthly titles, that the wealthy and powerful had once persecuted Jesus, and that the meek and lowly would soon inherit the earth. As part of the compromises that led to the adoption of the United States Constitution in 1789, the new Federal government agreed to assume the debt incurred by the 13 Original States during the American Revolutionary War. Washington made plans to march on the rebels. Within a month, most of the rebels had dispersed, disavowed their cause, or left the state. ." The rebels were upset over a tax Congress placed on whiskey, which was the first tax levied by the Federal Government. "Whiskey Rebellion . alexander hamilton to president george washington, august 2, 1794. The meeting at Parkinsons Ferry is known as the Parkinsons Ferry Convention. The attack on John Neville marked the beginning of the Whiskey Rebellion. After that, President Washington personally led the troops on their mission to crush the rebellion. Starting in 1791, representatives from thefour westernmost counties in Pennsylvaniabegan meeting in Pittsburgh to discuss how to respond to the federal government and the whiskey tax. There were only two fatalities in western Pennsylvania, both of them accidentalone boy was shot by a soldier whose gun went off accidentally, and a drunken rebel supporter was stabbed with a bayonet while resisting arrest. Encyclopedia.com. Intimidated by this army and by the apparent turn of public opinion against them, the rebels offered little resistance. Whiskey made from corn was an important part of the economy in western Pennsylvania. The crisis stretched from Maine to Tennessee and triggered the New England Regulation, or Shays's Rebellion, of 17861787. Some of them went into Pittsburgh and burned barns on Kirkpatricks farm. "Whiskey Rebellion For his part, Hamilton believed that such a tax was the fairest way of spreading the costs of the American Revolution and the maintenance of the federal government across the population. ." Washington and his army marched out of Carlisle and went to Bedford. . 2022
Within the Cite this article tool, pick a style to see how all available information looks when formatted according to that style. . The federal government proved that it would enforce laws enacted by Congress. https://www.encyclopedia.com/law/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/whiskey-rebellion, "Whiskey Rebellion In most cases, the rioters got their way through intimidation, and little blood was shed. (June 21, 2022). 21 Jun. Early the next morning, Neville was sleeping at his home, which was called Bower Hill when a mob gathered outside. They were accompanied by an equal number of land speculators, who were working for rich colonial interests. Economic distressand anger towards "moneyed men"grew the further one traveled from the Atlantic coast. The Whiskey Rebellion: Frontier Epilogue to the American Revolution. The delegates met at the Sign of the Green Tree Tavern on Water Street in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. The speculators laid claim to hundreds of thousands of acres of the best farm land in the name of men who already owned thousands of acres in Virginia, Pennsylvania, New York, and elsewhere.
