research on rainwater harvesting

Search for other works by this author on: Rainfall was determined based on meteorological data collected from the nearest climatological station (No.

In Proceedings of the Sixth International Conference on Environmental Management, Engineering, Planning and Economics (CEMEPE 2017) and SECOTOX Conference, Thessaloniki, Greece, 2530 June 2017. writingoriginal draft preparation: D.A.K. The water storage tank represented more than half of the total investment cost of the rainwater harvesting system. ; Cumming, B.F. Rainfall and drought in equatorial East Africa during the past 1100 years. Rainwater harvesting as an alternative water supply in the future. In Proceedings of the 7th Biennial Conference of the International Society for Ecological Economics, Sousse, Tunisia, 69 March 2002. ; Burch Jt, W.R. Rainwater harvesting agriculture: An integrated system for water management on rain-fed land in Chinas semi-arid areas.

Zhu, K.; Zhang, L.; Hart, W.; Liu, M.; Chen, H. Quality issues in harvested rainwater in arid and semi-arid Loess Plateau of Northern China. Uncertainty analysis in sizing rainwater harvesting tanks in an isolated island with limited water resources. Nevertheless, the modern narrative about green infrastructure, along with the state reductions in funding for public works and services, the emergence of mega-cities all over the world, and their missing infrastructure, contribute to the discussion about different patterns of organization linked to local actors, social priorities and local context [, This case study discusses how an existing system of storing water in a Mediterranean island, facing water scarcity, can be transformed to a RWHs aiming for sustainability.

Xu, Y.; Tian, Q.; Yu, Y.; Li, M.; Li, C. Water-Saving Efficiency and Inequality of Virtual Water Trade in China.

; Gasana, J.; Seleshi, Y. ; Chuma, E.; Mukamuri, B.B. Modifications of the current water distribution network and the pumping system were conducted to distribute the treated rainwater into the different buildings and facilities of the company. published in the various research areas of the journal. The financial benefit comes from the reduction in the annual water bill. Ghisi, E.; Montibeller, A.; Schmidt, R.W. and S.K.G. Koumparou, D. The Right of Thirst: Water as a Human Right and as a Commons. Other maintenance costs were determined based on the unit prices included in the costs catalog of the Mexican Chamber of Construction Industry. The performance of the system by its Water Saving Efficiency (WSE) can be described in the Equation (9): Moreover, the performance of the RWHs depends on several factors such as the number of inhabitants, water demand, roof catchment area, and time steps. The flowrate to be treated and the size of the storage tank for each scenario were estimated by conducting monthly water balances, where rainwater contributions were the inflows, and water demands from the public network for building services and vehicle washing were the outflows.

A water balance model is applied to simulate the behavior of a rainwater tank and calculate the daily water savings. This research received no external funding. ; Ross, K.E. Potential for Potable Water Savings by Using Rainwater: An Analysis over 62 Cities in Southern Brazil. ; Russel, D. Institutional barriers to climate change adaptation in decentralised governance structures: Transport planning in England.

An integrated approach of the RWHs in an urban context is developed. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript. In.

water resources management; water scarcity; behavioral model; water-saving efficiency; sustainability; hydrosocial approach, for peace and prosperity for people and the planet, now and into the future, The Member States shall take account of the principle of recovery of the costs of water services, including environmental and resource costs, Handbook of Water Harvesting and Conservation: Basic Concepts and Fundamentals, BASE Adaptation Inspiration Book: 23 European Cases of Climate Change Adaptation to Inspire European Decision-Makers, Practitioners and Citizens, Rainwater Tank Systems for Urban Water Supply. www.awiru.co.za/pdf_WaterHarvestingWorkingPapers3.pdf.

Antoniou, G.P. The authors of this study argue that the RWHs is safe, cheap and could be a widespread solution for safe water.

In. and D.E.A. This study concludes that RWH contributes to the greening of society, dealing with water scarcity in urban areas.

In this study, the costs related to the system maintenance were considered negligible compared to purchase and installation costs [.

However, this increase tends to become stable if the capacity of the tank is greater than 15 m, The optimum tank size in terms of PB period was found equal to 5 m, In Germany, a study concluded that water saving ranges from 30 to 60% and depends on the precipitation depth and the catchment area [, Regarding the school building, it is observed that the efficiency of the RWH varies between 46 and 66% (, The behavior of the rainwater collection system with tank volume of 24 m, The low-scale infrastructure such as RWH reduces the cost of water supply compared to conventional large-scale infrastructure such as dams. The cost of installing and operating a RWHs can be divided into tank, installation, operation and maintenance costs. The pumping systems cost was determined based on the prices provided by a local company (Hidroservicios Ambientales-Sistemas de Bombeo, Monterrey, Mexico).

Social structure, economic priorities and political context affect sustainability and consequently, the social performance is equally crucial as the technical and economic performances of the RWHs [. Handia, L.; Tembo, J.M.

Similar to the other Aegean islands, water resources in Chios island are limited because of the precipitation pattern and geological setting. Costs associated with the modification of the water distribution system (WDS) included concepts such as excavation, pipes and accessories. ; Tahir, M.M.

Evolution of rainwater harvesting and heritage in urban areas through the millennia: A sustainable technology for increasing water availability.

[. Optimum storage volume of rooftop rainwater harvesting systems for domestic use. This type of

2015. Rahman, A. Rainwater Harvesting for Sustainable Developments: Non-Potable Use, Household Irrigation and Stormwater Management.

; formal analysis, investigation: D.A.K., S.K.G., D.K. Investigating the role and attitudes of citizens towards sustainable water management on a Mediterranean island, Chios, Greece. On the other hand, regarding both the investment and the O&M costs, the cheapest alternative corresponded to the scenario where roof and maneuvering yard rainwater was collected and treated together. It is proved by this work that the protection of the water and its sources, ensuring the quality of life of people, could be achieved by introducing low and straightforward budget solutions, using simple technology, based on local conditions and practices. Roof rainwater harvesting systems for household water supply in Jordan.

Maybe a catchment area greater than 150 m, This research showed that an increase in the number of users for the same tank capacity, i.e., the increase in demand, reduces system performance.

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This study sheds light on the efficiency of RWH as a source of water for uses other than drinking. Because of water service interruption in the municipality distribution system, the residents of Chios have already installed a pumping station that ensures the provision of water for the days and hours that there is no running water in their taps. Notaro, V.; Liuzzo, L.; Freni, G. Reliability analysis of rainwater harvesting systems in southern Italy.

; Feloni, E.G. The low average annual rainfall, having insufficient surface run-off and infiltration, reinforced by the high average annual temperature and sunshine duration, cause a water shortage crisis. Performance of rainwater harvesting systems in the southeastern United States.

; Walsh, T.C. Water saving through integrated water management is put forward by the practice of RWH. If the RWH could be seen as a small-scale, decentralized green infrastructure, it depends, beyond climatic and physical conditions, on the awareness, experience and everydayness of the locals or communities. 2010).

Available online: Li, F.; Cook, S.; Geballe, G.T. Please note that many of the page functionalities won't work as expected without javascript enabled. ; Baltas, E.A.

Economic benefits expected after implementing the systems for rainwater harvesting.

; Tsai, Y.L. Available online: Aladenola, O.O.

Annual operation and maintenance (O&M) costs are also shown in Table4. 15059, Molino Blanco (Climatic Standard Stations of the Federal District, Station No.

Kim, K.; Yoo, C. Hydrological modeling and evaluation of rainwater harvesting facilities: Case study on several rainwater harvesting facilities in Korea. Abdulla, F.A.

; Baltas, E.A. Rainwater harvesting for sustainable agriculture in communal lands of Zimbabwe. Haut, B.; Zheng, X.-Y. A dual-mode system for harnessing roof water for non-potable uses.

; Spyridakis, D.S. ; Searle, B.A. Find support for a specific problem in the support section of our website.

Chubaka, C.E.

A review of rainwater harvesting in the UK. Angelakis, A.; Koutsoyiannis, D. Urban water resources management in Ancient Greek times. Due to the climate crisis, the phenomenon of rapid urbanization and the insecurity regarding food and energy, the sustainable management of water resources remains a critical issue. ; resources: D.A.K., S.K.G., D.K.

Implementation of the rainwater harvesting system will contribute not only to reducing water consumption from the public network, but also to achieving important economic savings for the company and for the public water system operator, denoting that rainwater harvesting is a feasible and reliable strategy for other uses different to the conventional urban and commercial uses. Lizrraga-Mendiola, L.; Vzquez-Rodrguez, G.; Blanco-Pin, A.; Rangel-Martnez, Y.; Gonzlez-Sandoval, M. Estimating the Rainwater Potential per Household in an Urban Area: Case Study in Central Mexico.

figures development: D.A.K., S.K.G.

Papers are submitted upon individual invitation or recommendation by the scientific editors and undergo peer review It provides a measure of how much water has been conserved compared to the overall demand, and it is also referred to as volumetric reliability.

Campisano, A.; Butler, D.; Ward, S.; Burns, M.J.; Friedler, E.; DeBuske, K.; Fisher-Jeffes, E.G. The cash flows were prepared based on the investments, operation and maintenance costs, and previously estimated benefits.

The factors that define the technical feasibility, the economic effectiveness and the social acceptance of a RWHs are considered. The cost of public network water was estimated based on the tariffs set by the authorities of Mexico City; for 2017 the tariff was integrated from a basic tariff of US$ 301.5 per the first 120 m3 consumed and an additional tariff of US$ 4.4 per each additional cubic metre consumed.

United Nations. Cash flow for implementing the systems for rainwater harvesting (US$).

2006. ; Alexakis, D.E.

; Adeboye, O.B. ; Mwiindwa, C. Potential of rainwater harvesting in urban Zambia. The aim is to provide a snapshot of some of the most exciting work prior to publication.

These shape economy, policy, cultural and social practices, norms, values, institutions and a network of relationships.

The dominant hydraulic paradigmthe symbol of the domination of human over nature, through science and technologyhas overlooked the other, the decentralized, informal and small-scale infrastructure.

Details of such modifications are not presented in this paper because it is not within the scope; however, the costs associated with such modifications were considered in estimating the investment and operation costs.

Koumparou, D. The Governance of the Sociogenic Climate Change: Perspectives and challenges. permission provided that the original article is clearly cited. The first flush is the initial run-off of a rainfall event.

The island of Chios belongs to the complex of northeast Aegean islands in Greece.

What is engaging with the term rainwater harvesting is that emphasis is given on the origin of the water.

They were calculated based on the unit prices included in the costs catalog of the Mexican Chamber of Construction Industry. No special Ecosystem services from rainwater harvesting in India. Song, J.; Han, M.; Kim, T.; Song, J. Rainwater harvesting as a sustainable water supply option in Banda Aceh. This is because there is no harvested water to be yielded due to low precipitation. A Contribution to the International Hydrological Programme, IHP-111, Project 4.6, Prepared by A. Falkland and E. Custodio with Contributions from A. Diaz Arenas and L. Simler and Case Studies Contributed by Others, Water and Heritage: Material, Conceptual, and Spiritual Connections, Water Resources Management in the Mediterranean under Drought of Water Shortage Conditions, Municipal Decision of Chios No 442/2019 with Subject, Help us to further improve by taking part in this short 5 minute survey, Performance Assessment of Event-Based Ensemble Landslide Susceptibility Models in Shihmen Watershed, Taiwan, https://sustainabledevelopment.un.org/index. ; Ana, S.; Fonsecaa, L.; Swarta, R.; Duarte Santosa, F.; Penha-Lopes, G. Adaptation to climate change at local level in Europe: An overview. Thus, the period between May and September can be fairly defined as dry months for this region.

Multilevel risk governance and urban adaptation policy. Downspout Politics, Upstream Conflict: Formalizing Rainwater Harvesting in the United States. The annual volume of run-off (Q) can be expressed as: Assuming that the mean annual harvested rainwater volume can satisfy the mean annual demand, the relation between the minimum required rainwater collection areas A, and the percentage p of total water daily demand is calculated as: The maximum values of the percentage of total water daily demand satisfied by harvested rainwater as a function of the catchment area are estimated and presented in. The investment linked to WSTs included costs associated with soil excavation, construction of embankments, placement of the LLDPE geomembrane, concrete structures (slabs and columns), and others.

Villarreal, E.L.; Dixon, A. ; Argue, J.R.; Kuczera, G. Figtree Place: A Case Study in Water Sensitive Urban Development (WSUD). In a decade, the IRR, NPV and the B/I will be 19.7%, more than twice the MARR, US$ 38,851.4 and 4.3, respectively, denoting economic feasibility. Aguiar, F.C.

The water savings considered in this study (100%) are much greater than those reported in the literature for individual houses (36%) and multi-story residential buildings (42%) (Ghisi & de Oliveira 2007; Ghisi & Ferreira 2007). Domestic rainwater harvesting to improve water supply in rural South Africa. and D.E.A.

Taffere, G.R. those of the individual authors and contributors and not of the publisher and the editor(s).

Fewkes, A.

Fazey, I.; Carmen, E.; Chapin, F.S.

As can be seen, replacing 100% of the public water supply by rainwater in the buildings and facilities of the company will signify a saving of approximately US$ 8,787.2/year. Green campus initiative: Introducing RWH system in Kolej Perindu 3 UiTM Malaysia, In Proceedings of the 3rd International Symposium and Exhibition in Sustainable Energy Environment (ISESEE), Malacca, Malaysia, 1 June 2011. ; Nordin, B. The societal ethic towards water reflects the conceptions and expectations for water and the environment, landscape, and society itself [, In this survey, the correlation between the collected water from a RWHs, the catchment area and the number of users served was assessed. Sustainability and the Social Construction of Technology: The Case of RWH as Source of Water Supply in Greater Accra.

represents the storage tanks for rainwater (WSTs) after disinfection. The investment needed for grease and oil traps was determined based on the prices provided by Helvex (Mexico DF, Mexico). ; Knox, K. Community resilience for a 1.5 C world. Feasibility Analysis of Rainwater Harvesting System Implementation for Public Facilities in Palembang. As can be seen, the lowest investment corresponded to the scenario where roofs and maneuvering yard rainwater is collected together, with a total investment of US$ 35,302; meanwhile, the most expensive alternative was when only rainwater from roofs is collected, with an investment of US$ 42,569. Transforming Our World, the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development. ; Burian, S.J. A dosing pump (Chem-Tech 120 GPD 80 psi, AquaQuality, Acapulco, Mexico) was selected to apply the disinfectant. articles published under an open access Creative Common CC BY license, any part of the article may be reused without The cost of first-flush diverters was estimated based on the prices provided by RainHarvest Systems (Cumming, GA, USA). The paper argues that green solutions such as RWHs can be smoothly introduced, as it requires low-cost investment, using technology which is already applied or is easily obtainable. A MARR of 8.76% was set in this study. Daily precipitation registered from 1981 to 2010 (30 years) was used (, Rainwater flowrates to be treated and dimensions of the storage tanks were determined regarding three scenarios: (1) when only rainwater from roofs is collected, (2) when rainwater from the maneuvering yard is stored alone, and (3) when both rainwater sources are collected together. Feature ; Hunt, W.F.

The number of users and contributing surfaces define the water supply and inflow, and ultimately the optimal volume of the collection tank.

Che-Ani, A.I.

Costs associated with chlorination, pumping of treated rainwater to the buildings and facilities and backwash are included. ; Moore, A.W. This is odd due to the widespread knowledge of the continuous movement of water within the Earth and atmosphere, the water cycle. In Greece, water scarcity is noticed mainly in the islands which are characterized by insufficient water resources [. Directive 2000/60/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 23 October 2000 establishing a framework for Community action in the field of water policy. Amundsen, H.; Hovelsrud, G.K.; Aall, C.; Karlsson, M.; Westskog, H. Local governments as drivers for societal transformation: Towards the 1.5 C ambition.

The most costly component was the water storage tank, representing 62.5%, 63.0% and 52.7% of the total investment when the roofs and maneuvering yard rainwater are treated separated and when both sources are treated together, respectively.

several techniques or approaches, or a comprehensive review paper with concise and precise updates on the latest

Koumoura, K.A. This work reveals that the economic barrier to implementing RWHs is not a barrier itself.

The raw dataset of precipitation was derived from two metrological stations, namely, Omicron team station (elevation 32 m a.s.l.) Integrated water resources management in small islands. For

; Kotsifakis, K.G. Radonic, L. Re-conceptualising water conservation: Rainwater harvesting in the desert of the southwestern United States.

; Ross, H.; Rao-Williams, J.; Lyon, C.; Connon, I.L.C.