Mount Damavand, the highest peak of Iran, which is located near Tehran, is an important location in Ferdowsi's hnme,[22] an Iranian epic poem based on the ancient legends of Iran. Riders can use 29 parking lots for the bikes across Enqelab Avenue, Keshavarz Boulevard, Beheshti Street and Motahhari Avenue in which the bikes are available 24/7 for riders. Salsabil 2,500th anniversary of the Imperial State of Iran, Learn how and when to remove this template message, List of tourist attractions in Tehran Province, List of colleges and universities in Tehran, Iran University of Science and Technology, International Institute of Earthquake Engineering and Seismology, 2,500th year of the foundation of the Imperial State of Iran, 2009 Iranian presidential election protests, List of twin towns and sister cities in Iran, "Major Agglomerations of the World - Population Statistics and Maps", "Tehran (Iran): Introduction Britannica Online Encyclopedia", "Tabiat Pedestrian Bridge / Diba Tensile Architecture", " ", "Iranian expats hard to woo as Western firms seek a foothold in Iran", "Bangkok Takes Title in 2016 Mastercard Global Destinations Cities Index", "Citizens of Capital Mark Tehran Day on October 6", "A Research on Adaptation of Historic Urban Landscapes", "Tehran | History, Population, & Tourism | Britannica", "Spatial Discrimination in Tehran's Modern Urban Planning 19061979", "Tehran: Split Between Liberal, Hard-Line", "Pro-reform Khatami appears victorious after 30 million Iranians cast votes", I.R. Ekbatan Part One: Iranian Nuclear Programs", "Hopes for shopping revolution as malls sprout in Iran", "Top 10 Biggest Shopping Malls In The World 2022", "THE 10 BEST Tehran Shopping Malls (with Photos)", "THE DISCOURSE OF STREETS' NAMING IN TEHRAN AFTER ISLAMIC REVOLUTION", " ", " 2 ", "Final profile Tehran Metro Station Line 5", "Mokhtari: There are over 2,100 parks in Tehran", "About Tehran Parks & Green Space Organization", "Ab-o Atash Park (Water and Fire Park - Ibrahim Park)", "A guide to Iran etiquette, customs, clothing and more", "The Style of Tehran Library of Congress", "Women to blame for earthquakes, says Iran cleric", "Milad Tower, a perfect product for a perfect project", "Tehran Day Tour | Concert in Tehran - HiPersia", "The fleeting freedom of street art in Tehran", "The Twin Cities of Oxford, Cambridge and London", https://www.letsvisitpersia.com/must-see-in-tehran/, List of cities, towns and villages in Tehran Province, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tehran&oldid=1099396319, Pages with non-numeric formatnum arguments, Wikipedia articles incorporating a citation from the 1911 Encyclopaedia Britannica with Wikisource reference, Articles with dead external links from June 2016, Articles with incomplete citations from January 2020, Short description is different from Wikidata, Articles containing Persian-language text, Pages using infobox settlement with possible area code list, Articles containing Old Persian (ca. [11][10] However, before, the native language of the TehranRay region was not Persian, which is linguistically Southwest Iranian and originates in Fars, but a now extinct Northwestern Iranian language.[48]. According to the national energy roadmap, the government plans to promote green technology to increase the nominal capacity of power plants from 74 gigawatts to over 120 gigawatts by the end of 2025.[84].
[20] Others escaped to Tehran.
Shahrara Rashkan Castle, dating back to the ancient Parthian Empire, of which some artifacts are housed at the National Museum;[85] and the Bahram fire temple, which remains since the Sassanian Empire. Leila Araghian's Tabiat Bridge, the largest pedestrian overpass in Tehran, was completed in 2014 and is also considered a landmark.[9]. It has, for instance, encouraged taxis and buses to convert from petrol engines to engines that run on compressed natural gas. Pi-e emiran
The city also has a very small third-generation Indian Sikh community with a local gurdwara that was visited by the Indian Prime Minister in 2012. Several old buildings, including parts of the Golestan Palace, Tekye Dowlat, and Tupkhane Square, were replaced with modern buildings influenced by classical Iranian architecture, particularly the buildings of the National Bank, the police headquarters, the telegraph office, and the military academy. Davudije Gia Its wider metropolitan has a population of 16 million. Davanm.-eKasab District 18: Golhak
Tehran was first chosen as the capital of Iran by q Mohammad Xn Qjr of the Qajar dynasty in 1786, because of its proximity to Iran's territories in the Caucasus, then separated from Iran in the Russo-Iranian Wars, to avoid the vying factions of the previously ruling Iranian dynasties. Lavizan Average high temperatures are between 32 and 37C (90 and 99F), and it can occasionally drop to 14C (57F) in the mountainous north of the city at night. During the IranIraq War in 1980 to 1988, Tehran was repeatedly targeted by airstrikes and Scud missile attacks. The majority of Iranian emigrations have left for the United States, Germany, Sweden, and Canada. Moalem Tehran is one of the world's most polluted cities, and is also located near two major fault lines. Darband The trolleybus system was opened in 1992, using a fleet of 65 articulated trolleybuses built by Czechia's koda. EmamzadeHasan A number of streets in Tehran are named after international figures, including: According to the head of Tehran Municipality's Environment and Sustainable Development Office, Tehran was designed to have a capacity of about 300,000 cars, but more than five million cars are on the roads. Tehran is served by the international airports of Mehrabad and Khomeini. District 17: As of 2011[update], the BRT system had a network of 100 kilometres (62 miles), transporting 1.8 million passengers on a daily basis. [34] However, the elevation can even rise up to 2,000m (6,600ft) at the end of Velenjak in northern Tehran. Bag-e Azari Vahdat Hall, Roudaki Hall, Ferdowsi Hall, Hafez Hall and Azadi Theater are the top five venues in Tehran, where classical, pop, traditional, rock or solo concerts take place.[94].
600-400 B.C. Tehran International Tower is the tallest skyscraper in Iran.
Snow depth was recorded as 15cm (6in) in the southern part of the city and 100cm (39in) in the northern part of city. There are over 2,100 parks within the metropolis of Tehran,[80] with one of the oldest being Jamshidie Park, which was first established as a private garden for Qajar prince Jamshid Davallu, and was then dedicated to the last empress of Iran, Farah Pahlavi. District 10: The consortium of Iranian architect Abd-ol-Aziz Farmanfarmaian and the American firm of Victor Gruen Associates identified the main problems blighting the city as high-density suburbs, air and water pollution, inefficient infrastructure, unemployment, and rural-urban migration. After World War I, the constituent assembly elected Reza Shah of the Pahlavi dynasty as the new monarch, who immediately suspended the Baladie law of 1907, replacing the decentralised and autonomous city councils with centralist approaches to governance and planning.[27].
Tolid Daru [81], Tehran's Birds Garden is the largest bird park of Iran. Of the 22 municipal districts, 20 are located in Tehran County's Central District, while districts 1 and 20 are respectively located in the counties of Shemiranat and Ray.
Tehran is also home to Iran's largest military academy, and several religious schools and seminaries. Tochal's resort is the world's fifth-highest ski resort at over 3,730 meters (12,240 feet) above sea level at its highest point.
Stadium-eAzadi Tadri The then-Qajar monarch Mohammad Ali Shah abolished the constitution and bombarded the parliament with the help of the Russian-controlled Cossack Brigade on June 23, 1908. Firdusi Tehran played host to 3,010 athletes from 25 countries/NOCs, which was at the time the highest number of participants since the inception of the Games. Park-e Lale, East: Gorgan A 2016 survey of 230 cities by consultant Mercer ranked Tehran 203rd for quality of life. Elahie, an upper-class residential and commercial district in northern Tehran. The official City of Tehran website says that "Tehran" comes from the Persian words "Tah" meaning "end", or "bottom", and "Ran" meaning "[mountain] slope"literally, the bottom of the mountain ( ). [27] Tehran was 19.79 square kilometers, and had expanded more than fourfold. The Milad Tower, which is the sixth tallest tower[89] and the 24th-tallest freestanding structure in the world,[90] is the city's other famous landmark tower. The city suffers from severe air pollution, 80% of it due to cars. OF IRAN SHAHREKORD METEOROLOGICAL ORGANIZATION (IN PERSIAN), "Rare snow blankets Iran's capital Tehran", "Deadly Dust Storm Engulfs Iran's Capital", "Car exhaust fumes blamed for over 80% of air pollution in Tehran", "Motorcycles Account for 30% of Air Pollution in Tehran", "Working towards confident spaceborne monitoring of carbon emissions from cities using Orbiting Carbon Observatory-2", "For Security and Administrative [sic] Reasons: Plan to Move Capital From Tehran Finalized", "Iran Moots Shifting Capital from Tehran", " ", "Tehran (Iran): People Britannica Online Encyclopedia", "The US, Israel, the Arab States and a Nuclear Iran. Samuel M. Jordan, whom Jordan Avenue in Tehran was named after, was one of the founding pioneers of the American College of Tehran, which was one of the first modern high schools in the Middle East. Jaft Abad Pasdaran ams Abad Duan Tape By the time of the Median Empire, part of present-day Tehran was a suburb of the prominent Median city of Rhages (Old Persian: Rag). Among major educational institutions located in Tehran, Amirkabir University of Technology (Tehran Polytechnic), University of Tehran, Sharif University of Technology, and Tehran University of Medical Sciences are the most prestigious. The hall was inaugurated in October 1967, named after prominent Persian poet Rudaki. [67] A 3.2-kilometer extension from Shoosh Square to Rah Ahan Square was opened in March 2010.[68]. Throughout the 1960s and 1970s, Tehran developed rapidly under Mohammad Reza Shah. As a result, the monarch was exiled and replaced with his son Ahmad, and the parliament was re-established. The capital has been moved several times throughout history, and Tehran is the 32nd national capital of Persia. [20] In Old Persian inscriptions, Rhages appears as a province (Bistun 2, 1018). Tehran has seen an increase in relative humidity and annual precipitation since the beginning of the 21st century. District 6:
Masudije Italian traveler Pietro della Valle passed through Tehran overnight in 1618, and in his memoirs called the city Taheran. He considered other theories not considering ancient history of Iranian languages such as "Tirgan" theory and "Tahran" theory folk etymology.[16]. Hormozan Street in Qarb Town, northwestern Tehran. ad Abad An organization like the Roudaki Culture and Art Foundation has five different venues where more than 500 concerts take place this year. [25] He was aware of the loyalties of the inhabitants of former capitals Isfahan and Shiraz to the Safavid and Zand dynasties respectively, and was wary of the power of the local notables in these cities. In present-day Tehran, most of the movie theatres are located downtown. [96] That followed hosting the 6th AFC Asian Cup in June 1976, and then the first West Asian Games in November 1997. District 2: Tehran is in the historical Media region of (Old Persian: Mda) in northwestern Iran. Tehran has a cold semi-arid climate (Kppen climate classification: BSk) with continental climate characteristics and a Mediterranean climate precipitation pattern. Javadieh Tehran's most famous landmarks include the zdi Tower, a memorial built under the reign of Mohammad Rez Shh of the Pahlavi dynasty in 1971 to mark the 2,500th anniversary of the founding of the Imperial State of Iran, and the Mild Tower, the world's sixth-tallest self-supporting tower, completed in 2007, and the Tabiat Bridge, completed in 2014. Several FIVB Volleyball World League courses have also been hosted in Tehran.
In one week of successive snowfalls, roads were made impassable in some areas, with the temperature ranging from 8C (18F) to 16C (3F). [56], Tehran has a wide range of shopping centers, and is home to over 60 modern shopping malls. Despite the regular occurrence of earthquakes during the Qajar period and after, some historic buildings remain from that era.
The establishment of the planning organization of Iran in 1948 resulted in the first socio-economic development plan to cover from 1949 to 1955.
During the 2009 Iranian presidential election protests, many graffiti works were created by people supporting the Green Movement. [52], Tehran's Greek Orthodox Church of Virgin Mary, Saint Mary Armenian Apostolic Church, Tehran, St. Joseph Assyrian Catholic (Chaldean Catholic) Church, Tehran, Assyrian Church of the East of Mar Sarkis, Tehran. Tehran is the largest and the most important educational center in Iran. Tarat The present-day dominant language of Tehran is the Tehrani variety of the Persian language, and the majority of people in Tehran identify themselves as Persians. Many of these refugees are being repatriated with the assistance of the UNHCR, but there are still sizable groups of Afghan and Iraqi refugees in Tehran who are reluctant to leave, being pessimistic about the situation in their own countries. EmamHosein Ebn-eBabavejh The first football club of Tehran, named Iran Club, was founded in 1920 and dissolved within two years in 1923. ahrak-eRah-Ahan Esfahanak
[22], In 641, during the reign of the Sasanian Empire, Yazdgerd III issued his last appeal to the nation from Rhages, before fleeing to Khorasan. Then the construction of political power in the country needed to change so that new spectrums of political power decision making centers emerged in Iran. [102], In recent years, Tehran Municipality has been using graffiti in order to beautify the city. The officials are engaged in a battle to reduce air pollution.
Other estimates suggest that motorcycles alone account for 30% of air and 50% of noise pollution in Tehran. Afsarije ordan This event also knocked down numerous trees and power lines. Dohanijat
[47] With its cosmopolitan atmosphere, Tehran is home to diverse ethnic and linguistic groups from all over the country. Persepolis and Esteghlal, which are the city's biggest clubs and two of the biggest clubs in Asia, compete in the Tehran derby. [92] Until the early 1930s, there were 15 theaters in Tehran Province and 11 in other provinces.[93]. [43] Tehran is also considered one of the strongest sources of greenhouse gas emissions in the Middle East. Several graffiti festivals have also taken place in Tehran, including the one organized by the Tehran University of Art in October 2014.
It is equipped with an 8-kilometre-long (5mi) gondola lift that covers a huge vertical distance. In July 1404, Castilian ambassador Ruy Gonzlez de Clavijo visited Tehran on a journey to Samarkand, the capital of Turco-Mongol conqueror Timur, the ruler of Iran at the time. Entering and driving inside this zone is only allowed with a special permit. Punak Another theory is that "Tehran" derives from Tiran/Tirgan, "the abode of Tir", the Zoroastrian equivalent of Hermes). Today, Tehran's oldest existing football club is Rah Ahan, which was founded in 1937. [25], Agha Mohammad Khan's choice of his capital was based on a similar concern for the control of both northern and southern Iran. Amir Abad Nemat Abad
The oil refining companies of Pars Oil, Speedy, and Behran are based in Tehran. Tehran relies heavily on private cars, buses, motorcycles, and taxis, and is one of the most car-dependent cities in the world. District 20:
Tehran only had a small population until the late 18th century, but began to take a more considerable role in Iranian society after it was chosen as the capital city. For example Shahyad square changed to Azadi square and Pahlavi street changed to Valiasr street. [13] According to the Global Destinations Cities Index in 2016, Tehran is among the top ten fastest growing destinations. In February 2005, heavy snow covered all parts of the city.
Tabiat Bridge a 270-meter pedestrian overpass,[9] designed by award-winning architect Leila Araghian, was completed in 2014. ahrak-eandarmeri Afghan refugees are mostly Dari-speaking Tajik and Hazara, speaking a variety of Persian, and Iraqi refugees are mainly Mesopotamian Arabic-speakers who are often of Iranian heritage. ahrak-e Garb Piroozi
Buses have served the city since the 1920s.
[32][33] While the center of the city houses government ministries and headquarters, commercial centers are more located further north. The Parks and Green Spaces Organization of Tehran was established in 1960, and is responsible for the protection of the urban nature present in the city.
Sabalan
On January 5 and 6, 2008, a wave of heavy snow and low temperatures covered the city in a thick layer of snow and ice, forcing the Council of Ministers to officially declare a state of emergency and close down the capital from January 6 through January 7.[36].
During the war, Tehran also received a great number of migrants from the west and the southwest of the country bordering Iraq. There are many restaurants and cafes in Tehran, both modern and classic, serving both Iranian and cosmopolitan cuisine. From Rhages, Darius I sent reinforcements to his father Hystaspes, who was putting down a rebellion in Parthia (Bistun 3, 110).
Growing awareness of civil rights resulted in the Constitutional Revolution and the first constitution of Iran in 1906. Bag-eHad-Sejf It appears in the epics as the homeland of the protoplast Keyumars, the birthplace of King Manuchehr, the place where King Fereydun bound the dragon fiend Adahk (Bivarasp), and the place where Arash shot his arrow. Eventually, the whole plan was marginalized by the 1979 Revolution and the subsequent IranIraq War.[27]. Several film festivals are held in Tehran, including Fajr Film Festival, Children and Youth Film Festival, House of Cinema Festival, Mobile Film and Photo Festival, Nahal Festival, Roshd Film Festival, Tehran Animation Festival, Tehran Short Film Festival, and Urban Film Festival.
The resort was opened in 1976, shortly before the 1979 Revolution. [82], In 2009, the Ab-o-Atash Park ("Water and Fire park") was founded. The city of Tehran has a population of approximately 10 million in 2016. Sar-Asjab Both route sections are served by limited-stop services and local (making all stops) services. Ehtijarije Dar Abad
Iran Mall is the largest mall in the world in area. Although administratively separate, the cities of Ray and Shemiran are often considered part of Greater Tehran. )-language text, Articles needing additional references from November 2019, All articles needing additional references, All articles with vague or ambiguous time, Vague or ambiguous time from February 2022, Articles with hatnote templates targeting a nonexistent page, Articles containing potentially dated statements from 2011, All articles containing potentially dated statements, Articles with MusicBrainz area identifiers, Populated places with period of establishment missing, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, Reverse Glass Painting Museum (vitray art), This page was last edited on 20 July 2022, at 15:02. Some of these institutions have played crucial roles in the unfolding of Iranian political events. Khak Sefid
The success of the games led to the creation of the West Asian Games Federation (WAGF), and the intention of hosting the games every two years.
HazaneBoharae izar
The northern parts of Tehran are, still, lusher than the southern parts.
Having left all they had and have struggled to adapt to a new country and build a life, most of them never came back when the war was over. As an attempt to create a network for easy transportation within the city, the old citadel and city walls were demolished in 1937, replaced by wide streets cutting through the urban fabric.
The first development plan of Tehran in 1855 emphasized traditional spatial structure. [18], Archaeological remains from the ancient city of Ray suggest that settlement in Tehran dates back over 8,000 years.[19]. Tehran's annual International Book Fair is known to the international publishing world as one of the most important publishing events in Asia. Airport taxis have a higher cost per kilometer as opposed to regular green and yellow taxis in the city.
The unstable situation and the war in neighbouring Afghanistan and Iraq prompted a rush of refugees into the country who arrived in their millions, with Tehran being a magnet for much seeking work, who subsequently helped the city to recover from war wounds, working for far less pay than local construction workers. Kale Morgi, South: Changes to the urban fabric began with the street-widening act of 1933, which served as a framework for changes in all other cities.
It is also a leading centre for the sale of carpets and furniture.
To resolve the problem of social exclusion, a first comprehensive plan was approved in 1968. [95] There are two parallel chair ski lifts in Tochal that reach 3,900 meters (12,800 feet) high near Tochal's peak (at 4,000m/13,000ft), rising higher than the gondola's 7th station, which is higher than any of the European ski resorts. It is 54-stories tall and located in the northern district of Yusef Abad. Tehran's bus rapid transit (BRT) was officially inaugurated in 2008. 12 ski resorts operate in Iran, the most famous being Tochal, Dizin, and Shemshak, all within one to three hours from the city of Tehran. [20] Rhages was dominated by the Parthian House of Mihran, and Siyavakhshthe son of Mehran, the son of Bahram Chobinwho resisted the 7th-century Muslim invasion of Iran. There are a variety of concert halls in Tehran. Horasan There is also a zoo located on the TehranKaraj Expressway, housing over 290 species within an area of about five hectares. [103], This article is about the Iranian capital city. Farahzad It has 10 lines with some 215 stations in different areas of the city. Vanak Arantin District 9: Bulvar-eFirdusi Velenjak [20] Despite the interest that Arabian Baghdad displayed in Rhages, the number of Arabs in the city remained insignificant and the population mainly consisted of Iranians of all classes.[20][23]. [51] Tehran's other ethnic communities include Kurds, Armenians, Georgians, Bakhtyaris, Talysh, Baloch, Assyrians, Arabs, Jews, and Circassians. [25] Moreover, he had to remain within close reach of Azerbaijan and Iran's integral northern and southern Caucasian territories[25]at that time not yet irrevocably lost per the treaties of Golestan and Turkmenchay to the neighboring Russian Empirewhich would follow in the course of the 19th century.[26]. On June 2, 1907, the parliament passed a law on local governance known as the Baladie (municipal law), providing a detailed outline on issues such as the role of councils within the city, the members' qualifications, the election process, and the requirements to be entitled to vote.
Parc itgar emiran No The company has plans to expand across the city in the future.
In the first phase, the application covers the flat areas of Tehran and they would be out of use in poor weather condition. Smaller clubs based in Tehran are listed below. Nobonjad [17], In English, it was formerly spelt "Teheran". [87], A view of the building of the City Theater of Tehran, Previously a low-rise city due to seismic activity in the region, modern high rise developments in Tehran have been built in recent decades in order to service its growing population. There have also been plans to raise people's awareness of the hazards of pollution.
Founded in 2017, it is available in the central and north-west regions of the capital city of Tehran. Baharestan Nezam Abad It is also the world's nearest ski resort to a capital city. [53] About 30% of Iran's public-sector workforce and 45% of its large industrial firms are located in the city, and almost half of these workers are employed by the government. Abas Abad Iranian linguist Ahmad Kasravi, in an article "Shemiran-Tehran", suggested that Tehran and Kehran mean "the warm place", and "Shemiran" means "the cool place". Hazane Falah Tehran is the economic centre of Iran. Ali Abad
District 21: [62], Kordestan Expressway interchange with Resalat and Hakim expressways. "[45] There are plans to relocate 163 state firms and several universities from Tehran to avoid damages from a potential earthquake.[45][46]. Mehrabad Airport, an old airport in western Tehran that doubles as a military base, is mainly used for domestic and charter flights. Lakar Jusef Abad [86], Tehran is Iran's primate city, and is considered to have the most modernized infrastructure in the country.
Mehran still exists as a residential district in Greater Tehran, as well as Ray, which forms the southern suburbs of Tehran. Hava Niruz [61], The metropolis of Tehran is equipped with a large network of highways and interchanges. With a population of around 8.7 million in the city and 15 million in the larger metropolitan area of Greater Tehran, Tehran is the most populous city in Iran and Western Asia,[6] and has the second-largest metropolitan area in the Middle East, after Cairo. [97] The city had also hosted the final of the 1968 AFC Asian Cup. Tehran (/trn, -rn, te-/; Persian: Tehrn [tehn] (listen)) is a city in Tehran Province and the capital (most important city) of Iran. The record high temperature is 43C (109F) and the record low is 20C (4F). Damaran He listed cities with the same base and suffix and studied the components of the word in ancient Iranian languages, and came to the conclusion that Tehran and Kehran meant the same thing in different Iranian language families, as the constant "t" and "k" are close to each other in such languages. Football and volleyball are the city's most popular sports, while wrestling, basketball, and futsal are also major parts of the city's sporting culture.
It struck between 5:00 and 6:00PM, dropping temperatures from 33C (91F) to 19C (66F) within an hour. It can be generally described as mild in spring and autumn, hot and dry in summer, and cold and wet in winter.
Tehran's retail business is growing with several newly built[when?] Zafaranije
The feasibility study and conceptual planning of the construction of Tehran's subway system were started in the 1970s. ejh Hadi
[25] Up until the 1870s, Tehran consisted of a walled citadel, a roofed bazaar, and the three main neighborhoods of Udlajan, Chale-Meydan, and Sangelaj, where the majority resided. Tehran and Mount Tochal in the winter of 2006. District 14: The Azadi Tower, a memorial built under the reign of the Pahlavi dynasty, has long been the most famous symbol of Tehran. Jahi Abad The other three trolleybus routes run south and operate in mixed-traffic.
malls and shopping centres. Hazrat-eAbdol-Azim The total green space within Tehran stretches over 12,600 hectares, covering over 20 percent of the city's area.
It is ranked 24th in the world by metropolitan area population. [63] The automotive industry has recently developed, but international sanctions influence the production processes periodically.[64].
[25] Thus, he probably viewed Tehran's lack of a substantial urban structure as a blessing, because it minimized the chances of resistance to his rule by the notables and by the general public. But prior to the 1979 Revolution, many foreign companies were active in Iran.
