things in mississippi that start with k

The revivals of the Great Awakening in the late 18th and early 19th centuries initially attracted the "plain folk" by reaching out to all members of society, including women and blacks. A 2014 poll by Pew Research Center found that 59% of the state's population thinks abortion should be illegal in all/most cases, while only 36% of the state's population thinks abortion should be legal in all/most cases.[155]. They created independent black Baptist congregations. Mississippi State Bird and State Flower Printable Color Page. (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({}).

[47], In 1987, 20 years after the U.S. Supreme Court had ruled in 1967's Loving v. Virginia that a similar Virginian law was unconstitutional, Mississippi repealed its ban on interracial marriage (also known as miscegenation), which had been enacted in 1890. Nationwide during the first half of the 20th century, African Americans became rapidly urbanized and many worked in industrial jobs. [15] Paleo-Indians in the South were hunter-gatherers who pursued the megafauna that became extinct following the end of the Pleistocene age. The temperature varies little statewide in the summer; however, in winter, the region near Mississippi Sound is significantly warmer than the inland portion of the state. More than 80,000 Mississippians fought in the Civil War for the Confederate Army. As in the rest of the Deep South, thunderstorms are common in Mississippi, especially in the southern part of the state.

By 1860, the enslaved African-American population numbered 436,631 or 55% of the state's total of 791,305 persons. By 1920, the third generation after freedom, most African Americans in Mississippi were landless laborers again facing poverty.

It is believed that there are more people with such ancestry than identify as such on the census, in part because their immigrant ancestors are more distant in their family histories. Democratic whites were well armed and formed paramilitary organizations such as the Red Shirts to suppress black voting. Educator Licensure Related Information: 601-359-3483 A proportion of federal spending in Mississippi is directed toward large federal installations such as Camp Shelby, John C. Stennis Space Center, Meridian Naval Air Station, Columbus Air Force Base, and Keesler Air Force Base. Registration of African-American voters increased and black candidates ran in the 1967 elections for state and local offices. State officials believed they needed to maintain public education to attract new businesses. The committee found severe destitution among the laboring classes. The growth of the cotton culture after 1815 brought in tens of thousands of Anglo-American settlers each year, most of whom were Protestants from Southeastern states. Descendant Native American tribes of the Mississippian culture in the Southeast include the Chickasaw and Choctaw. [84] For more information on racial and ethnic classifications in the United States see race and ethnicity in the United States Census. [135] The federally recognized Mississippi Band of Choctaw Indians has established a gaming casino on its reservation, which yields revenue to support education and economic development. Hernando de Soto, a Spanish explorer, discovered the Mississippi River in 1540. In the Mississippi Delta, Native American settlements and agricultural fields were developed on the natural levees, higher ground in the proximity of rivers. Mississippi is the only American state where people in cars may legally consume beer. While the state has had a reputation for being racist, Mississippi musicians created new forms by combining and creating variations on musical traditions from African American traditions, and the musical traditions of white Southerners strongly shaped by Scots-Irish and other styles. The lesser coat of arms of France as used by the, List of U.S. states by date of admission to the Union, National Association for the Advancement of Colored People, murders of Chaney, Goodman, and Schwerner, Nineteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution, Brices Cross Roads National Battlefield Site, Vicksburg National Military Park and Cemetery, United States Environmental Protection Agency, race and ethnicity in the United States Census, highest rate of obesity of any U.S. state, Mississippi locations by per capita income, List of colleges and universities in Mississippi, List of college athletic programs in Mississippi, "Elevations and Distances in the United States", "Cotton in a Global Economy: Mississippi (1800-1860) | Mississippi History Now", "Mississippi Annual State Health Rankings2013", "Percent of People Who Have Completed High School (Including Equivalency) statisticsstates comparedStatemaster", "State Median Household Income Patterns: 19902010", "Sub-national HDISubnational HDIGlobal Data Lab", "Bioregional Approach to Southern History: The Yazoo-Mississippi Delta", "Indian Affairs: Laws and Treaties Vol. Some 45,700 students attended private schools.

[30] The state needed many more settlers for development. Techniques included loss of jobs and eviction from rental housing. During Reconstruction in 1871, black and white Republicans drafted a constitution that was the first to provide for a system of free public education in the state. With control of the ballot box and more access to credit, white planters bought out such farmers, expanding their ownership of Delta bottomlands. Chapters of the Ku Klux Klan and its sympathizers used violence against activists, most notably the murders of Chaney, Goodman, and Schwerner in 1964 during the Freedom Summer campaign. With the Depression coming so soon after the flood, the state suffered badly during those years. Some among the black delegates were freedmen, but others were educated free blacks who had migrated from the North. Close by is "Ground Zero", a contemporary blues club and restaurant co-owned by actor Morgan Freeman. [125] Per capita personal income in 2006 was $26,908, the lowest per capita personal income of any state, but the state also has the nation's lowest living costs. Americans of Scots-Irish, English and Scottish ancestry are present throughout the state. Such floods regularly overwhelmed levees damaged by Confederate and Union fighting during the war, as well as those constructed after the war. The late summer and fall is the seasonal period of risk for hurricanes moving inland from the Gulf of Mexico, especially in the southern part of the state. [67], Mississippi is home to eight winter stonefly species.[68]. Slaves were counted as property and the rise in the cotton markets since the 1840s had increased their value. On August 17, 1969, Category 5 Hurricane Camille hit the Mississippi coast, killing 248 people and causing US$1.5billion in damage (1969 dollars). According to the Association of Religion Data Archives (ARDA), in 2010 the Southern Baptist Convention had 907,384 adherents and was the largest religious denomination in the state, followed by the United Methodist Church with 204,165, and the Roman Catholic Church with 112,488. [153][154], Mississippi is one of the most anti-abortion states in the United States.

The Mississippi School for the Deaf was established by the state legislature in 1854 before the civil war. [170], Generally prohibited in the West at large, school corporal punishment is not unusual in Mississippi, with 31,236 public school students[171] paddled at least one time circa 2016. [30] Starting about 1913, tens of thousands of black Americans left Mississippi for the North in the Great Migration to industrial cities such as St. Louis, Chicago, Detroit, Cleveland, Philadelphia and New York. Elvis Presley, who created a sensation in the 1950s as a crossover artist and contributed to rock 'n' roll, was a native of Tupelo. Elizabeth Lee Hazen (1885 - 1975), inventor. The first African-American to serve a full term in the United States Senate. Both caused nearly total storm surge destruction of structures in and around Gulfport, Biloxi, and Pascagoula. By 1895 they had established numerous black Baptist state associations and the National Baptist Convention of black churches. Together with other practices, they created some localized deforestation but did not alter the ecology of the Mississippi Delta as a whole.[16]. The state depended on agriculture, but mechanization put many farm laborers out of work. Most migrants from Mississippi took trains directly north to Chicago and often settled near former neighbors. After Great Britain's victory in the French and Indian War (Seven Years' War), the French surrendered the Mississippi area to them under the terms of the Treaty of Paris (1763). In 2021, the U.S. Supreme Court ruled in a 63 decision in Jones v. Mississippi that a Mississippi law allowing mandatory sentencing of children to life imprisonment without parole is valid and that states and judges can impose such sentences without separately deciding if the child can be rehabilitated. The previous flag of Mississippi, used until June 30, 2020, featured the Confederate battle flag. This ranks the state second-highest nationally, and represents an increase from 1995, when Mississippi received $1.54 per dollar of taxes in federal spending and was 3rd highest nationally. Plantations were developed primarily along the major rivers, where the waterfront provided access to the major transportation routes. In April 1699, French colonists established the first European settlement at Fort Maurepas (also known as Old Biloxi), built in the vicinity of present-day Ocean Springs on the Gulf Coast. The Mississippi Territory was later twice expanded to include disputed territory claimed by both the United States and Spain. "Low-Wage Legacies, Race, and the Golden Chicken in Mississippi: Where Contemporary Immigration Meets African American Labor History". By raising barriers to voter registration, the state legislature disenfranchised most blacks and many poor whites, excluding them from politics until the late 1960s. Information Sheet and Color Pages (pdf). In the civil rights era, people of African descent banded together in an inclusive community to achieve political power and gain restoration of their civil rights. [172], In 2007, Mississippi students scored the lowest of any state on the National Assessments of Educational Progress in both math and science.[173]. Their population in the state overall has increased in the 21st century. The first school for black students was not established until 1862. The lowest point is sea level at the Gulf Coast. The African-American percentage of population has begun to increase due mainly to a younger population than the whites (the total fertility rates of the two races are approximately equal). Jimmie Rodgers, a native of Meridian and guitarist/singer/songwriter known as the "Father of Country Music", played a significant role in the development of the blues. The Chinese first came to Mississippi as contract workers from Cuba and California in the 1870s, and they originally worked as laborers on the cotton plantations. [citation needed] An estimated $500,000 per day in tax revenue was lost following Hurricane Katrina's severe damage to several coastal casinos in Biloxi in August 2005.

[113] Mississippi has the largest percentage of African-American same-sex couples among total households. This is also where early towns developed, linked by the steamboats that carried commercial products and crops to markets. Even as scientific knowledge about the Mississippi River has grown, upstream development and the consequences of the levees have caused more severe flooding in some years. [133], Blacks cleared land, selling timber and developing bottomland to achieve ownership. [160] In the following year, 79% of Mississippians voted to remove the requirement of doing so.[161]. The Southerners imposed slave laws in the Deep South and restricted the rights of free blacks. In 1860 assessed valuation of property in Mississippi had been more than $500million, of which $218million (43 percent) was estimated as the value of slaves. A total of three white Republicans and five white Democrats were reported killed. In 1877 by a national compromise, the last of federal troops were withdrawn from the region. [70] After the 1882 flood, the levee system was expanded. From 1858 to 1861, the state took over levee building, accomplishing it through contractors and hired labor.

The region has rich soil, partly made up of silt which had been regularly deposited by the flood waters of the Mississippi River. Due to such migration, there was rapid growth in the number of Protestant churches, especially Methodist, Presbyterian and Baptist.[97]. [63] As of 2018, a project funded by the U.S. National Science Foundation aims to update that checklist of plants with museum (herbarium) vouchers and create an online atlas of each species's distribution.[64].

Tupelo levies a local sales tax of 2.5%. "13 things you need to know about the state economy". The amendment passed 86% to 14%, the largest margin in any state.

The current flag, The "New Magnolia" flag, was selected via referendum as part of the general election on November 3, 2020. In the postwar period, freedmen withdrew from white-run churches to set up independent congregations. Mississippi is home to 63 crayfish species, including at least 17 endemic species. Most have ancestors who were enslaved, with many forcibly transported from the Upper South in the 19th century to work on the area's new plantations. [100] In a 2009 Gallup poll, 63% of Mississippians said that they attended church weekly or almost weeklythe highest percentage of all states (U.S. average was 42%, and the lowest percentage was in Vermont at 23%). In the early days the French and Spanish colonists were chiefly men. The region was severely damaged due to the Great Mississippi Flood of 1927, which broke through the levees. From 1874 to the elections of 1875, they pressured whites to join the Democrats, and conducted violence against blacks in at least 15 known "riots" in cities around the state to intimidate blacks. A Smithsonian series on contemporary music along the Mississippi River.

The coastal plain is generally composed of low hills, such as the Pine Hills in the south and the North Central Hills. Hurricane Camille in 1969 and Hurricane Katrina in 2005, which killed 238 people in the state, were the most devastating hurricanes to hit the state.

Thornell, John G. 2008. These are areas where, historically, African Americans owned land as farmers in the 19th century following the Civil War, or worked on cotton plantations and farms.[88]. Before that, Mississippi had taxed the illegal alcohol brought in by bootleggers. The new farmers included many freedmen, who by the late 19th century achieved unusually high rates of land ownership in the Mississippi bottomlands. The total population has not increased significantly, but is young. [130] Ninety percent of the Delta bottomlands were undeveloped and the state had low overall density of population. It is among the few states where the PCA has higher membership than the PC(USA). The latter produces the Nissan Titan. The state was thinly settled, with population concentrated in the riverfront areas and towns. Its strong religious traditions have inspired striking works by outsider artists who have been shown nationally. [72] Scientists now understand the levees have increased the severity of flooding by increasing the flow speed of the river and reducing the area of the floodplains. Thus, Clarksdale, in the northwest, gets about 50in (1,300mm) of precipitation annually and Biloxi, in the south, about 61in (1,500mm). Cotton crops failed due to boll weevil infestation and successive severe flooding in 1912 and 1913, creating crisis conditions for many African Americans. In a 2006 study, 22.8 percent of the state's children were classified as such. Three of these installations are located in the area affected by Hurricane Katrina. European-American settlers named it after the Ojibwe word - misi-ziibi (English: Great river). [167], Blacks and whites attended separate, segregated public schools in Mississippi until the late 1960s, although such segregation had been declared unconstitutional by the United States Supreme Court in its 1954 ruling in Brown v. Board of Education.

Both white and black transient workers were hired to build the levees in the late 19th century. [158] They also side with the small group of Mississippi Republicans that still existed in the state and Republicans at the federal level on legislative measures that benefited them. Approximately 70,000 adults are disabled, which is 10 percent of the workforce. Studies show that Mississippi is among a string of "Deep South" states that will experience the worst effects of climate change in the United States. By 1910, a majority of black farmers in the Delta had lost their land and become sharecroppers. [citation needed], In 2012, Mississippi had the sixth largest gambling revenue of any state, with $2.25 billion. [40] It remained dry until the legislature passed a local option bill in 1966.[41]. About 420 species of birds are known to inhabit Mississippi. In 1960 they made up 42% of the state's population. In 1716, the French founded Natchez on the Mississippi River (as Fort Rosalie); it became the dominant town and trading post of the area. [71], Flooding overwhelmed northwestern Mississippi in 19121913, causing heavy damage to the levee districts. Independent black Baptist churches were established before 1800 in Virginia, Kentucky, South Carolina and Georgia, and later developed in Mississippi as well. Yellow-brown loess soil is found in the western parts of the state. The Riverside Hotel is just one of many historical blues sites in Clarksdale. Additional risk factors were that most schools had no physical education curriculum and nutrition education is not emphasized. All but two of the United States Class I railroads serve Mississippi (the exceptions are the Union Pacific and Canadian Pacific): Until the Civil War era, Mississippi had a small number of schools and no educational institutions for African Americans. As the demographer William H. Frey noted, "In Mississippi, I think it's [identifying as mixed race] changed from within. In the 1980s, whites divided evenly between the parties. Religious Data, Demographics and Statistics", "Florida is about to ban sanctuary cities. Musicians of the state's Delta region were historically significant to the development of the blues. When cotton was king during the 1850s, Mississippi plantation ownersespecially those of the Delta and Black Belt central regionsbecame wealthy due to the high fertility of the soil, the high price of cotton on the international market, and free labor gained through their holding enslaved African Americans. It was settled by Pierre Le Moyne d'Iberville. In 1879, the United States Congress created the Mississippi River Commission, whose responsibilities included aiding state levee boards in the construction of levees. Prior to severe damage from Hurricane Katrina, the Sunset Limited traversed the far south of the state; the route originated in Los Angeles, California and it terminated in Florida. The first major European expedition into the territory that became Mississippi was that of the Spanish explorer, Hernando de Soto, who passed through the northeast part of the state in 1540, in his second expedition to the New World. Mississippi has a humid subtropical climate classification. It established a one-party state dominated by white Democrats, particularly those politicians who supported poor whites and farmers. The Mississippi Band of Choctaw Indians reorganized in the 20th century and is a Federally recognized tribe. This was a catalyst for Congressional passage the following year of the Voting Rights Act of 1965. Although U.S. participation in World War I interrupted funding of levees, the second round of funding helped raise the average height of levees in the Mississippi-Yazoo Delta to 22 feet (6.7m) in the 1920s. The remainder of Native American ancestral land remained largely undeveloped but was sold through treaties until 1826, when the Choctaws and Chickasaws refused to sell more land. [138], On August 30, 2007, a report by the United States Census Bureau indicated that Mississippi was the poorest state in the country.