The substantive results are unchanged when we run the analyses on each dependent variable separately. (Babbie, 2008), The type of research design that is used during this research is known as qualitative research. Lawless, J. L. (2004). Google Scholar. Successfully determining who wins and loses in an election involves aseries of systemsthat, while operating simultaneously, function independent of each other. Many factors can facilitate or diminish confidence. the six voting members of the House being women. Does descriptive race representation enhance institutional legitimacy? For notable exceptions, see Tate (2003) and Casellas and Wallace 2015). Poll workers are an integral component of successfully conducting and managing elections in the United States. Advantages And Disadvantages Of Descriptive Research, Different research methods have contrasting directions and distinct heights of gravity. It encourages a coalition government. Different from an absolute majority, a full majority brings more voices into each debate, allowing for a diversity of opinions to be heard. Like all different types of research, descriptive research has both advantages and disadvantages. Indiana University, 210 Woodburn Hall, 1100 East Seventh Street, Bloomington, IN, 47405, USA, University of California, Merced, 5200 North Lake Road, Merced, CA, 95343, USA, You can also search for this author in To investigate other possible predictors of perceptions of fairness, we also re-ran the results adjusting for several demographic and political covariates. More gridlock, instead of less, can be created, especially if more than two parties are involved in the coalition. To save this article to your Kindle, first ensure coreplatform@cambridge.org is added to your Approved Personal Document E-mail List under your Personal Document Settings on the Manage Your Content and Devices page of your Amazon account. Descriptive representation should be judged primarily on this criterion. Across all of our samples, the total number of African Americans is 287. Koch, J. Collective vs. dyadic representation in Congress. The role of race, ethnicity, and party on attitudes toward descriptive representation. U. In her classic work The Concept of Representation, Hanna Pitkin establishes four aspects of representation: formalistic, substantive, descriptive, and symbolic (Pitkin 1967).. Scholars normally define substantive representation as having one's policy views expressed by an elected . In traditional elections, there are safe seats present for incumbents. Not all cues are created equal: The conditional impact of female candidates on political engagement. In addition to elected officials, descriptive representation can contribute to how legitimate citizens view the actions of bureaucrats (when black citizens are stopped by black police officers, they are more likely to perceive their actions aslegitimate) and encourage involvement in government (when there are more blacks in public institutions, the likelihood ofinvolvement by blacks increases). The analysis demonstrates that similar to other public policy spaces, descriptive representation in the administration of elections matters. With descriptive representation, decision makers will be more diverse and may therefore be more likely to listen to the input of more diverse citizens, to give and receive from them the kind of information that is relevant to their concerns, and to respond to their expressed needs (Broockman, 2013). To investigate this, we also ran an identical treatment on an MTurk sample that allowed us to identify subjects zip codes. 5. The advantage is that it ensures that government sis efficient as the democratic process has included checks and balances (Regoli). 17 Pivotal Hydroelectricity Pros and Cons, 18 Major Advantages and Disadvantages of the Payback Period, 20 Advantages and Disadvantages of Leasing a Car, 19 Advantages and Disadvantages of Debt Financing, 24 Key Advantages and Disadvantages of a C Corporation, 16 Biggest Advantages and Disadvantages of Mediation, 18 Advantages and Disadvantages of a Gated Community, 17 Big Advantages and Disadvantages of Focus Groups, 17 Key Advantages and Disadvantages of Corporate Bonds, 19 Major Advantages and Disadvantages of Annuities, 17 Biggest Advantages and Disadvantages of Advertising. As I write, descriptive representation by gender improves substantive outcomes for women in every polity for which we have a measure. Proportional representation, sometimes called simply PR, is defined as an electoral system in which parties gain seats in proportion to the number of votes cast for them.. Hood III, and Mason Reece, Descriptive Representation in Election Administration. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11109-016-9345-9, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11109-016-9345-9. A re-assessment of the concept of political support. More is better: The influence of collective female descriptive representation on external efficacy. (1975). In some cases, representation can seem to have very little to do with the substantive issues representatives in Congress tend to debate. descriptive representation pros and consadvanced spelling bee words for adults. Through the resource of the survey, it is possible to carry out a descriptive investigation that yields information about the number of hours per day that children in a particular population play. Making Elections Accessible and Meaningful Providing Incentives for Conciliation Facilitating Stable and Efficient Government Holding the Government Accountable Holding Individual Representatives Accountable Encouraging Political Parties Promoting Legislative Opposition and Oversight Making the Election Process Workable and Sustainable The upsides of using descriptive research include that it is easy to conduct, can be used to gather large amounts of data, and can provide a foundation for further research. During elections, millions of citizens vote in person either before or on Election Day. Descriptive research is the right choice when researchers want to describe a phenomenon or situation. Buhrmester, M., Kwang, T., & Gosling, S. D. (2011). There are many benefits of including minorities of power in decision-making so-called descriptive representation. 4. Does ethnicity matter? For instance: watching a person (or people) order food, hold a door open for another person, or greet someone would be considered a few examples of naturalistic observation. It has received increasing attention as a source of subjects for social science researchers. Journal of Politics, 65(4), 10401061. 50 Intense Pros and Cons of Dropping the Atomic Bomb, 20 Intriguing Pros and Cons of Becoming a State National, Pros And Cons Of Higher Education For Police Officers. Through rigorous research, we offer gender insights into work, politics, and conflict that have the potential to reduce or eliminate barriers so all people can fulfill their life aspirations unconstrained by gender bias. Probability of very confident evaluation of ballot accuracy. pros and cons of descriptive representation | June 29 / 2022 | accidentally crushed birth control pillaccidentally crushed birth control pill Descriptive research is a great way to get a snapshot of a situation. - 167.99.130.146. In a proportional representation system, if the party wins 50% of the vote over 12 districts, then 6 seats would be awarded to them from the election results. In light of recent administrative irregularities that have reduced the confidence thatblack votershave in elections, the value of seeing a reflection of oneself when entering the polling location to cast a ballot should not be minimized. 2. Our "Oval Office" training program inspires and supports nontraditional candidates to run for public office. For example, research studying the morphology and mechanism of action of SARS-CoV-2 is descriptive. tees, and voters weigh the pros and cons of descriptive representation, this analysis argues for attention to the specific historical contexts that make descrip-tive representation most useful. Like all different types of research, descriptive research has both advantages and disadvantages. Any system of government can fall victim to extremism. Du Bois Review, 2(02), 227246. Womens Experience with Prescribing Providers? The study included pregnant women that are depressed. Scherer, N., & Curry, B. It allows us to see part of the human mind and how it works and how it interact with others. The descriptive evaluation is the process of gathering, analyzing and interpreting information using different tools Italy has proportional representation built into their government structures. Descriptive statistics comprises the statistical methods dealing with the collection, tabulation and summarization of data, so as to present meaningful information. ; ; . (McLeod, 2015) In my opinion, controlled observation is the most accurate mothed to use when studying a subject, because professionals can control and account for different variables. Lack of Secrecy: Graphical representation makes the full presentation of information that may hamper the objective to keep something secret.. 5. British Journal of Political Science, 39(01), 141162. Learn more about Institutional subscriptions. As political parties, legislative committees, and voters weigh the pros and cons of descriptive representation, this analysis argues for attention to the specific historical contexts that make descriptive representation most useful. Race, political empowerment, and minority perceptions of judicial fairness. What is the future of reproductive rights? The Women and Public Policy Program and the Harvard Kennedy School are located on the ancestral, traditional, and contemporary unceded homeland of the Massachusett people, the surviving descendants of the first people of Massachusetts and of the Neponset band of the Massachusett. Tate, K. (2003). Latinos and substantive representation in the US House of Representatives: Direct, indirect, or nonexistent? . New Haven: Yale University press. Today, the Journals Division publishes more than 70 journals and hardcover serials, in a wide range of academic disciplines, including the social sciences, the humanities, education, the biological and medical sciences, and the physical sciences. The advantages to his method are; realistic natural behaviours, low demand characteristics, can generate new ideas for research and test existing findings. Within election administration, a diverse population of poll workers serves as a means to facilitate confidence in elections and the legitimacy of election outcomes. Naturalistic observations were used by Charles Darwin during his research on chimpanzee; nonetheless, Charles Darwin was so fascinated by observing how primates and humans are acting in similar ways and having influence to another. Cameron, C., Epstein, D., & OHalloran, S. (1996). Under the system of proportional representation, any party with a high enough percentage of the vote will receive a seat in the government. Gay, C. (2001). Political Research Quarterly, 63(4), 890907. ups order supplies unavailable; beaver creek club colorado. Date: 01 October 2004: DOI: 10.1111/j.1467-9248.2004.00492.x: . However, if researchers want to understand why something is happening, they may need to use other research methods. Gomez( 2006)argues naturalistic observations of primates show that how certain objects is intrinsic part of primate lives, from simple food collecting process as taking certain organic fruits. Explore all the programs, projects, and initiatives at the Women and Public Policy Program. (2012). Tyler, T. R. (1990). This is a preview of subscription content, access via your institution. In, addition, women representation has grown over the years with the current Congress having more, women in positions of power. Advantage The brevity by which descriptive investigations are carried out means that their costs are not high, compared to other types of investigations. Redrawing a congressional district to intentionally benefit one political party. It is more difficult to have extremism in government when proportional representation is in place as a full majority is more difficult to achieve. An analysis of given workloads in the event of medication errors in nursing was conducted by an exploratory-descriptive study with a quantitative approach. In addition to the important administrative role that they play, poll workers also contribute to the way voters view elections and their outcomes. Another benefit of descriptive research is that it enables you to determine the behavior of people in a natural setting. Best for study the effect of an intervention. Descriptive research can be particularly useful in identifying trends or patterns. Pros 1. That means the 49% of people who voted Republican will be represented by somebody for whom they did not vote. In most cases, it is simply impossible to measure the entire population to understand its properties. These individuals are served byalmost one million citizens who volunteer to serve as poll workers at more than 100,000 polling locations across the United States. Descriptive representation is hotly contested. The downsides of using descriptive research include that it is limiting, cannot identify cause and effect, and may be biased. American Journal of Political Science, 640652. Gender & Conflict Gender Action Portal Descriptive research is a type of research that is used to describe a population or phenomenon. They are a concern whether a medication can cause damage to the fetal. It creates a system of government where more voices can be heard, but fewer actually receive a listening ear. Tate, K. (2001). At the same time, greater inclusion can also lead toward higher levels of extremism within the government, while encouraging more gridlock if the political parties are unable to find a pathway toward compromise. In political theory, descriptive representation as a corrective to structural asymmetries within society is usually debated against the background of formal political institutions. Where Are Wind Turbine Blades Made In Texas? WAPPP's Gender Action Portal (GAP) team is committed to intersectionality as a core guiding principle for our work in gender policy research translation. It does not provide direct representation to specific communities. systems than the old and traditional ones (Tawil, 2002). The effect of black voters interacting with a black poll worker when compared to a non-black poll worker increases the probability of being very confident in ballot accuracy from a range of 8 to 10 percentage points. Article It involves the collection and analysis of data to describe a phenomenon or situation. Amazons Mechanical Turk is an online system through which workers can complete short tasks for compensation. On the other hand, to obtain qualitative information, the type of data obtained does not have to do with numbers or. The American Political Science Review, 535547. One of the major challenges in providing quality representation comes from the desire to balance the will of the majority with the needs of political minorities. The data from a descriptive research project can be collected from one person or a small group of people. In this article, we will explore the benefits and limitations of descriptive research and when it is the most appropriate research method to use. American Politics Research, 43, 144169. suggest descriptive representation leads to substantive representation in Congress. proposals are formulated against the foil of the dominant model of . volume39,pages 3150 (2017)Cite this article. By making the decision-making process more . 2. Several countries, since 2016, have elected representatives and leaders that have promoted isolationist views.
