C High Low d. drought in Indonesia e. Exosphere, Primary productivity is highest in which of the following ecosystems? b. energy and oxygen e. They create nuisances within in an environment, Which of the following non-point source pollution types is most likely to cause cultural eutrophication in lake ecosystems? e. wind blowing at the beach, The beneficial ozone layer is in this region of the atmosphere d. plate boundaries c. increased mosquito borne disease in tropical areas a. sediments Similar to a person trying to walk in a straight line across a spinning merry-go-round, winds and ocean waters get deflected from a straight line path as they travel . Giving government subsidies for flood plain development Scientists think that if the conveyor slows or stops, the warmer surface water would not be propelled back toward the north Atlantic through the Gulf Stream. This is exacerbated by the Earth's tilt. a. deoxyribonucleic acid b. the formation of new oceanic crust at plate boundaries Which best illustrates point-source pollution? 1 & 5 Gyres are circular currents that typically appear towards the western side of each ocean basin. c. metamorphic c. Asbestos d. increased oligotrophic conditions Two species each occupy a smaller niche when they live together than they would if they lived alone. These two components act simultaneously to drive the MOC, the movement of seawater across basins and depths. c. decreased nutrient levels Tracking Monthly Salinity Changes in Our Ocean, Data Collections: Earth System Data Explorer, Locating Data & Imagery for Student Investigations, Opening Datasets from MND Data Visualization Tool in Excel, Guide to Using NASA Worldview in the Classroom, Using NASA Earth Observations (NEO) in 10 Easy Steps, Instructional Strategies for the Earth Science Classroom. Hover over or click on the icons to learn more about these human causes of change and how they influence, or are influenced by, ocean circulation. Absorption of infrared radiation by atmospheric gases. d. Smokestack emissions from a large smelting company d. transports nutrients from one place to another Ocean waters are constantly on the move. a. sandy loam a. pesticides from modern agriculture, primarily b. sustainable resource d. warm temperatures, acid precipitation, and occasional wildfires b. high and thus can support a high proportion of producers c. Northern coniferous forest receives most of its precipitation in the form of snow in winter a. small size Because of the presence of continental barriers, those currents form loops called the subtropical gyres. This reducesthe differences between temperatures during the day and night and during the summer and winter. d. oxygen and sugars e. primary consumer, All of the following are means of improving water-use efficiency in agriculture EXCEPT: Increasing temperatures alone caused currents to speed up more than 77% of the ocean's surface. e. Uneven heating of the Earth's surface, Plants require phosphorous to form which compound? c. seismic waves Low frequency variability in the tropical Atlantic is complex and hard to witness due to the weakness of this signal compared to the dominant seasonal one. a. Sulfur and water cycles b. Phosphorous and nitrogen cycles a. leaching of organic nutrients from topsoil horizon and removal of humus using sustainable agricultural practices Creating efficient waste collection and management systems in communities Heres why. d. All of the above Density differences are the key to why ocean waters move. b. c. there is only one correct answer to environmental problems Heat makes water lighter, so it rises. surface oceanic circulation results most directly in the. a. a31 road closure alton; cdw insurance for rental cars; hygro cotton bath towels; Hello world! One big part of the oceans role is to soak up energy (heat) and distribute it more evenly around the Earth. Ocean waters are constantly on the move; understanding how and why they move is not an easy task. -2 & -3 \\ Sea Surface Temperature Rainfall a. Mesosphere They can damage property e. mangrove swamps, Found in old plumbing pipes and fixtures and some ceramic glazes. a. have some regions that are hypoxic Your tax-deductible contribution plays a critical role in sustaining this effort. a. sulfur cycle This results in a fault (crack/fracture), which can cause earthquakes when the energy is built up and suddenly released. b. carbon cycle www.opendialoguemediations.com. e. Country D, Exotic species damage ecosystems because they e. phosphorous cycle, Which of the following is an example of Mullerian mimicry? b. sediments e. decreased input of sediments, Which two cycles are directly related to acid deposition? d. subsidence This cold, salty water near the poles (primarily in the North Atlantic and near Antarctica) sinks and spreads along the bottom and eventually rises back towards the surface of the ocean. a. oil from parking lots For the time-decomposition analysis, it was found that over the eastern subcontinent of Africa, south of the equator . Which of the following is true of the Ogallala aquifer? A=[4102369],B=[232240012],C=[501347],A=\left[\begin{array}{rr} Air is a relatively poor thermal conductor (which means it is a good insulator), so conduction represents only a small part of the energy transfer between the Earth and the atmosphere; equal to about 7% of the incoming solar energy. Differences in salinity also affect sea life. Properties of air, water, and land The water feature which would be measured using a secchi disc or turbidity tube. c. have numerous predators that cause an increase in the number of predators decomposition of organic matter on the deep ocean floor, which stage of the water cycle can be most direct cause of algal blooms, what impact does deforestation have on the carbon cycle, increase in the amount of CO2 in the atmosphere, which element is most abundant in the atmosphere, what is the major natural source of phosphorus on land, compounds released from ,the weathering of rocks, what effect would clear cutting within a watershed have on the water quality of a river running through the watershed, increase in the nutrient concentration in the water, the population with the greatest ability to respond to environmental change would be the one with, Surface oceanic circulation results most directly in the, distribution of heat from tropical to temperate and polar regions, major anthropogenic sources of nitrogen pollution include natural fertilizers, vehicle exhaust, industrial air pollution and, the relationship between el nino and population decline of brown pelicans, warmer ocean temperatures can cause fish to move to colder water farther from pelican nest sites, the cause of recent blooms of blue green algae in lake erie, Open oceans produce the largest share of Earth's biomass because the net primary productivity (NPP) of the oceans is, low, but the large expanse of the oceans supports enormous numbers of producers such as phytoplankton, which of the following is most likely to result from destruction of wetlands surrounding a river, an increased frequency of flooding of the river valley, which level of the atmosphere contains the ozone layer, which of the following is the best description of a region's climate, the average temperature and precipitation over several decades, what is the overall direction of global air currents at the equator, constant tilt of the earth's axis with respect to the plane of orbit around the sun, which of the following is most likely to result from the destruction of wetlands surrounding a river, an increased frequency in flooding of the river valley, The K selection reproductive strategy maximizes survival of offspring by producing, few offspring with high levels of parental care, why small isolated islands have a greater rate of species extinction than larger, less isolated islands, small isolated islands have a lower availability of resources, water pollution from oil rigs concentrated in the gulf of mexico. This cold, saline water sinks because of its greater density. Seen from space, the circulating waters offer a study in both chaos and order. Home / / surface oceanic circulation results most directly in the. e. phosphates from detergents, primarily. This causes surface waters to grow more buoyantand more reluctant to mix with waters below. How does the sedimentary rock shale turn into slate? The tropics are particularly rainy because heat absorption, and thus ocean evaporation, is highest in this area. The top few meters of the ocean store as much heat as Earth's entire atmosphere. You would expect the surface currents to flow across the Earth's surface in a straight path, but they do not. d. runoff from forests and undeveloped land b. evolution by natural selection d. The rate at which the resource was being recycled. It underlies the African Sergengeti and supplies millions of people with freshwater. Cold Surface Currents b. developing maximum biodiversity on remote islands around the world e. nitrous oxide, A large boulder rolling down a hill is an example of This loop results from b. any solution has both advantages and disadvantages These waters make up about 10% of all the water in the ocean. How they move influences climate and living conditions for plants and animals, even on land. is the transfer of heat through direct contact between the surface and the atmosphere. D=610,E=[134]. Surface currents are only 50 to 100 meters deep (Table 3.1). b. economics is an important facilitator of sustainable societies b. human exponential growth d. Nitrous oxide Its recent melting has caused the soil to sink damaging roads, houses, and other structures They contribute to the balance within an ecosystem d. forests undergo biodiversity changes as a result of climate change All rights reserved. Currents that move up and down in the water column, also called vertical currents, are created by differences in the density of water masses, where heavier waters sink and lighter waters rise. Temperature is another factor that affects density. e. sediments from erosion of agricultural fields, The consumption of mosquitoes by bats and the control of flooding provided by tropical forests in mountainous areas of Central America are examples of 5 & 0 \\ a. low, but still higher than that of other ecosystems of the world \end{array}\right], \quad C=\left[\begin{array}{rr} For instance, during the winter months at mid-latitudes winter storms mix the surface water more than in the summer, creating a deeper mixed layer. The carbon dioxide concentration in the atmosphere is reduced by cutting trees 0 & 1 & 2 Earth's rotation results in the Coriolis effect which also influences ocean currents. e. Canada and the United States, All of the following are carbon sinks except e. overdraft, Which of the following is NOT true of permafrost? This pattern of change in vegetation is primarily the result of, An increase in both mean annual temperatures and mean annual precipitation. Increasing temperatures alone caused currents to speed up more than 77% of the oceans surface. a. kinetic energy e. dystrophin. Most of the sunlight absorbed by water on Earths surface gets stored in our oceans as heat, and heat from the atmosphere is also absorbed by the ocean, which increases the oceans temperature. And, despite the fact that the ocean absorbs more than 90% of the heat caused by global warming, until 2020, there had been little evidence that these currents were changing. An approach to combating global warming by removing already-emitted greenhouse gas is termed, How do animals with cephalization respond differently to the environment than Surface currents are powered by Earth's various wind patterns. e. Nitrous oxide. b. Exosphere The ocean does an excellent job of absorbing excess heat from the atmosphere. In fact, almost all rain that falls on land starts off in the ocean. c. is an indirect form of solar energy Ocean circulation is an essential part of How the Earth System Works. Others are confined to particular regions and form slow-moving, circular pools. a. Australia and New Zealand 1.8 ). San Andreas Fault in California, Ap Environmental Science - Plate Tectonics SA, AP Environmental Science Self Check: 4.6-4.9. Each of these characteristics of ocean water, salinity and temperature,areimportant for the role of oceans in Earth's climate system. Is the following assignment statement valid or invalid? a. methane d. Temperate forest receives the most consistent rainfall throughout all seasons, of the three forests Rahmstorf, S. et al. surface oceanic circulation results most directly in the We usually assume that if you uniformly warm the ocean, there will be no major impact on ocean circulation. Accounting for the top-down nature of ocean warming changes that picture, she adds. e. decreased precipitation in Australia, Which of the following are factors involved in soil formation? e. sediments, The phenomenon causing global warming occurs primarily in this region of the atmosphere In this way, heated water raises the normal level of the sea surface. d. Subduction b. sedimentary Ocean Sci. e. space, Molten rock found within the Earth's mantle Which of the choices below are NOT true? Learn more in these real-world examples, and challenge yourself toconstruct a modelthat explains the Earth system relationships. As water currents move this heat, they affect climate patterns, local weather, the cycling of gases, and the delivery of key nutrients to marine ecosystems. Since 86% of global evaporation and 78% of global precipitation occur over the ocean, ocean surface salinity is the key variable for understanding how fresh water input and output affects ocean dynamics. Differences in temperature and salt content of the water cause some areas of water to sink and some areas of water to rise. a. heat and pressure Why or why not? As a result, both the surface and deep waters flow from west to east around Antarctica. In oceanography, a gyre (/ d ar /) is any large system of circulating ocean currents, particularly those involved with large wind movements. Wilson and Robert MacArthur in 1963, has many implications for c. tropical vortex effect These winds help the atmosphere and ocean to move heat around the world. Thermohaline circulation (THC) is a part of the large-scale ocean circulation that is driven by global density gradients created by surface heat and freshwater fluxes. d. Using incineration of waste thereby reducing the volume of solid waste and moving the pollution to a smaller air pollution problem c. nitrogen cycle Water table a. Exceptional twentieth-century slowdown in Atlantic Ocean overturning circulation. c. Matter quality decreases when energy changes from one form to another In the tropical regions, due to the vanishing of the Coriolis parameter, uncertainties of a few . d. Material efficiency increases with energy utilization 1. c. They can be a hazard to human health e. Thermosphere, Convergent plate boundaries between two continental plates produce e. the rotation of the earth on its axis, The North American and Eurasian plates are moving apart from one another and creating the Mid-Atlantic ridge. The typical monsoon season in the Eastern Pacific is reduced, and sometimes there are droughts d. a kingsnake has coloration similar to the dangerous coral snake Tropical rainforests have distinct rainy and dry seasons The Antarctic Circumpolar Current is situated in the Southern Ocean and constantly circles around Antarctica because there are no land masses to interrupt the currents. a. the greenhouse effect Because they have fewer available niches, small isolated islands are targeted and colonized by species. d. Aquifer The surface current flows back throughout the Indian Ocean into the Atlantic Ocean, returning surface water to the North Atlantic Ocean and driving the Gulf Stream The Gulf Stream flows along the east coast of the United States and across the northern region of the Atlantic. a. positive feedback loops All Rights Reserved. Atoms can neither be created nor destroyed in a physical or chemical reaction e. igneous, Which best illustrates point-source pollution? b. global warming from human use of fossil fuels a. The study suggests climate change will continue to speed up across ocean currents, potentially limiting the heat the ocean can capture and complicating migrations for already stressed marine life. Convergent continental plates form mountain ranges. Environmental Protection Agency. The current and expected increase in temperature is likely to stimulate a positive feedback mechanism driven by, increased activity of decomposers in soils. Salt is really just a molecule in the ocean water, but collectively, that salinity plays an important role in the ocean circulation. c. nonrenewable resource \end{array}\right], \quad G=\left[\begin{array}{rr} b. secondary consumer e. Strengthen and deepen streams (channelization, Which of the following is a limiting factor for a grassland biome? 2 Ocean Currents. Click the icons and bolded terms (e.g. b. d. grassland A=4261039,B=220341202,C=514037, D=[610],E=[134]D=\left[\begin{array}{l}6 \\ 1 \\ 0\end{array}\right], \quad E=\left[\begin{array}{lll}1 & 3 & -4\end{array}\right] Which latitude shown on the diagram below experiences 24 hours of daylight on December 21? e. ecosystems are geographically long and thin and there is an overabundance of edges, Tectonic plates move slowly across the asthenosphere on e. weathering and erosion, "Edge effects" are a particular problem when These cold patches are what remains of the subsurface "engine" of the La Nina, now starting to turn off slowly as warmer waters move in. b. carry diseases that infect native species The results presented above can be concisely summarized using a regime diagram to illustrate circulation direction as a function of three variables: mean temperature, equator-pole temperature gradient, and equator-pole salinity gradient ( Fig. Concentrations of nine heavy metals (Pb, Cr, Ni, Cu, Zn, Co, Cd, As, and Hg) from marine sediments (2015, n = 38) in the Changjiang River Estuary and contiguous East China Sea were determined. Ocean circulation plays a key role in distributing solar energy and maintaining climate by moving heat from Earths equator to the poles. e. igneous, All of the following gases make a significant contribution to the natural greenhouse effect EXCEPT c. Drip irrigation systems Ocean currents flow like vast rivers, sweeping along predictable paths. c. boreal forest d. carbohydrates d. It is found in both alpine and arctic tundra As the name suggests, the wind-driven circulation is driven by the prevailing winds, primarily the easterlies in the tropics and the westerlies in the mid-latitudes. More saline water masses are found in areas where there is a lot of evaporation because salt is left in the water, or in polar areas because as ice forms, salt is left in the water. So to answer the first part of your question, technically yes, but the surface is less dense by such a small amount that it can be considered a negligible difference. a. c. Thermosphere Soil D d. phosphorous contained in agricultural runoff b. magma c. carbon dioxide e. nocturnal, Which of the following is an example of a negative feedback loop? This study applied eigenvector-based time-decomposition and spatial-decomposition techniques to examine mechanisms through which the positive Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD) sea surface temperature (SST) pattern can influence the patterns of summer rainfall over southern Africa. b. efforts are being made to manage and protect island biodiversity c. Methane e. subduction zones, Generalized pyramid energy flow has only a 10% efficiency, while 90% of the energy is lost to the environment as heat. c. water, oxygen, and sugars a. Locate the ocean circulation icon and identify other Earth system processes and phenomena that cause changes to, or are affected by, ocean circulation. And so we tend to see the sinking water at the poles, the water rising back up at the equator, and if you connect the two together, what you have is an overturning that is deep in the ocean. It is an eastward-flowing current driven by the dominant western winds at this latitude. Carbon dioxide The adjective thermohaline derives from thermo-referring to temperature and -haline referring to salt content, factors which together determine the density of sea water. While this model does not depict the ocean circulation patterns that results from atmospheric wind and density differences in water masses, it summarizes the key concepts involved in explaining this process. Water chilled by colder temperatures at high latitudes contracts (thus gets denser), sinks, and moves back toward the equator. c. nitrogen-fixing bacteria and grazing by herbivores a. wildlife corridors are developed in urban landscapes b. Marine microbes and wildlife could be subjected to shallower, hotter, and faster surface waters. In fact, it is the densest ocean water on Earth! b. proteins Change 5, 475-480 . b. some intraspecies; greater Denser oceanic crust is subducted underneath continental crust, which forms oceanic trenches and magma, creating volcanoes (Ring of Fire). e. transports moisture and weather, All of the following are adaptations of a desert animal EXCEPT Population size can be estimated using the formula, According to the theory of demographic transition ,rapid growth occurs during phase, Which of the following best describes acid mine drainage, The leakage of water containing toxic materials from coal and metal mines, Which of the following elements constitutes the highest percentage in the earths crust, Which rock type is paired with its correct mode of formation, What is the difference between weathering and erosion, Weathering is the breakdown of rock , erosion is the removal of sediment, Topsoil,a mix of decaying organic matter and underlying soil is the, Select the correct order of physical size of sediment particles from largest to smallest, Which of the following represents a positive feedback loop in the Artic that is associated with anthropogenic climate change, Artic ocean ice melts- ocean surface water temperature increases- more ice melts, Andrew Friedland, Elisa McCracken, Libby Jones, Nat Draper, Rick Relyea, Environmental Science: A Study of Interrelationships, Oceanography-Chapter 16- Oceans and Climate C. a. less; less d. size of the population c. Subsidence e. number of organisms, Considering the following data on population size and land area which of the countries has the highest population density?
