The point where your ruler crosses the middle line on the chart marks the magnitude (strength) of the earthquake. The, amount of time that passes between the Pwave arrival and the Swave arrival is. 107 0 obj <>stream I contacted the persons listed below to find out the location of the following people entitled to notice Name of Person Measure the difference in arrival times between the first shear (s) wave and the first compressional (p) wave, which can be interpreted from the seismogram. Mark the first arrival of the swave on each seismogram. 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P and Swaves are body waves and travel, through the interior of the earth. earthquake though). Describe the process of triangulation to locate an epicenter. For example, the western United States has earthquakes more frequently and on a larger scale than the eastern part of the country. 0 Pwaves have the greatest velocity and reach theseismic station first. 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THREE SEISMOGRAMS Seismogram A - New York, NY 1 minute 1. How far do S waves travel in 5 0000078169 00000 n Use of the TeachEngineering digital library and this website constitutes acceptance of our Terms of Use and Privacy Policy. This activity is designed around the Earthquakes Living Lab, a resource and online interface that uses real-time U.S. Geological Survey seismic data from around the world. Click for facts and worksheets in PDF! farther from the epicenter of an earthquake? Three seismographs are needed. 0000055643 00000 n The USGS and its partners monitor and report earthquakes, assess earthquake impacts and hazards, and . The USGS Earthquake Hazards Program is part of the National Earthquake Hazards Reduction Program (NEHRP), established by Congress in 1977, and the USGS Advanced National Seismic System (ANSS) was established by Congress as a NEHRP facility. Show students some of the numerous online animations comparing the movements of P and S waves. (, Find the S-P interval for each seismogram and record answers in the S-P column of, Find the distance to the epicenter (in kilometers) from each recording station and record answers in Table 1. HTn0"H@w=s(vxk8OM1px-{$_!o5|CS7RPr#V(0CUa%ZkuT9t};D Jj=.9,z!#@n5YCu>R88tfFRX=iRK How many minutes elapsed between the arrival of the first P wave and the last measurable Student exploration Graphing Skills SE Key Gizmos Explore Learning. travel 3,000 miles. Swaves arrive at the seismic station after the Pwaves. HlRnQ?R\>BjK' Was there an initial quake followed by smaller quakes? So next, students compute the magnitude of this same earthquake by looking at the three simplified seismograms again, but this time selecting each's maximum S wave amplitude (height). Earthquakes can also cause tsunamis, which are very large waves that can damage coastlines and put coastal residents in danger. The earthquake occurred somewhere along that circle. Every year, earthquakes cause death and destruction worldwide. If a quake is near the seismograph, the S-waves arrive shortly after the P-waves. What was the lag time (in minutes) at this location? I also will take them through the general process of how find the difference in arrival times of p- and s-waves can be used to find a distance to an earthquake and how using data from 3 seismograph stations is used to locate the epicenter. The period of P waves is shorter, than the period of surface waves. The LibreTexts libraries arePowered by NICE CXone Expertand are supported by the Department of Education Open Textbook Pilot Project, the UC Davis Office of the Provost, the UC Davis Library, the California State University Affordable Learning Solutions Program, and Merlot. Conclude the activity with a class discussion (and perhaps homework questions) to share ideas and answers, as described in the Assessment section. A minimum of three seismic stations is necessary to locate an epicenter. All 100,000+ K-12 STEM standards covered in TeachEngineering are collected, maintained and packaged by the Achievement Standards Network (ASN), Section 8.1 What Is an Earthquake? We additionally manage to pay for . Several thousand seismographs exist at locations around the planet, continuously measuring abnormalities in the Earth's movement. To do this, have the students use, Find the epicenter of the earthquake on the map (. trailer <<320C1F98F8FF4795B5CCB8D9E9A0B99B>]/Prev 812054/XRefStm 1396>> startxref 0 %%EOF 93 0 obj <>stream Run through the investigation yourself and record the data, just to see how long it takes. If a quake is far from the seismograph, the P-waves arrive long before the S-waves. PS: We do not share personal information or emails with anyone. Read through the sections What Is Seismology and What Are Seismic Waves?, Where Do Earthquakes Happen?, and Why Do Earthquakes Happen? to answer the following questions: What is the difference between S and P waves? Download. The simulation renders three circles on a map and directs students to find the epicenter. The distance is in kilometers. Encourage them to explore all of the Earthquakes Living Lab as they complete the worksheet. Direct students to finish the activity by completing the. For example, Activity 4 Locating An Earthquake Epicenter Answers: Fill Out & Sign . Tips: Make sure students are reading the S waves and not the P waves. 0000001533 00000 n When the tension becomes too great, the fault slips, causing an earthquake. MS-ESS3-2. activity 4 locating an earthquake epicenter The Science of Earthquakes | U.S. Geological Survey An earthquake is what happens when two blocks of the earth suddenly slip past one . Epicenter Location on Earth's surface directly above the focus of the earthquake 5. 0000006011 00000 n Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. hb```b````e``n`d@ A 'EF''oquE"ky#:}m;9JmkPt~=unFHy&|X:70 vILZ*|%6mD! Introduction: Before student pairs look at the Earthquakes Living Lab, direct them to complete the Engage section of the Finding Epicenters and Measuring Magnitudes Worksheet, which asks them to apply any prior knowledge and/or speculate as to what the Richter magnitude scale is and what an epicenter is. Finding the Epicenter Determine the epicenter distance from three different seismographs. 0000004769 00000 n The uses of technologies and any limitations on their use are driven by individual or societal needs, desires, and values; by the findings of scientific research; and by differences in such factors as climate, natural resources, and economic conditions. Also commonly termed the focus. We also acknowledge previous National Science Foundation support under grant numbers 1246120, 1525057, and 1413739. %PDF-1.5 % trailer <<0444DE89825047A1A483C62E98F50868>]>> startxref 0 %%EOF 114 0 obj <>stream The lag time for any minutes and P waves 8 minutes to Lab Exercise #2: Locating the Epicenter of an Earthquake In this lab exercise, you will locate the epicenter of an earthquake. Have students turn in their answers for the Explain portion of the worksheet. A seismograph is securely mounted onto the surface of the earth so that when the earth shakes, the entire unit shakes with it EXCEPT for the mass on the spring, which has inertia and remains in the same place. Every earthquake is recorded on numerous seismographs located in different directions. You will receive your score and answers at the end. Expert Answer. To complete the activity, some prior . Objective Use data from seismograms to locate the epicenters of earthquakes. Y$Kr;V6[;Dq vg~cx:A[^jCssupwD endstream endobj 80 0 obj <> endobj 81 0 obj <>stream technology, engineering or math (STEM) educational standards. different types of seismic waves. Apr 8, 2020 One seismogram indicates the distance to the epicenter. Then locate and click the link in the center of the page under the question: "How is an earthquake epicenter located and how is magnitude determined"? 6. This opens a new window to Michigan Techs UPSeis informational site about earthquakes and seismology. What did it feel like? Use Figure 4.5 and the travel-time graph in Figure 4.4 to determine the distance between each station and THREE SEISMOGRAMS the epicenter. P and S arrivals, you can now locate an earthquake your answers below. seismograph: An instrument that measures motions of the ground, including those of seismic waves generated by earthquakes. Earthquakes & Volcanoes Test Review Answers. 5. focus - the point within Earth where an earthquake originates. A circle with a radius of the distance to the quake can be drawn. In the U.S., earthquake measurements under the MMS (those of magnitude 3.5 or higher) are still commonly erroneously referred to by the general public and media as being on the Richter scale, due to more familiarity with the Richter scale. This is determined by the P-and S-wave arrival times. HtA1D41`s(GME$Ke*YdEOYf2-:r. We have answers to the most popular questions from our customers. (5 minutes) Discuss how gathering information on epicenters can be applied. The magnitude is the logarithm of the amplitude of the ground wave. P and Swaves are body waves and travelthrough the interior of the earth. (Figure 3):. The arrival of seismic waves will be recognized by an increase in amplitude look for a pattern change as lines get taller and more closely spaced (ex. The point beneath Earth's surface where rock breaks under stress and causes an earthquake. Locating Earthquake Epicenter Lab Answer Key buysms de. Earthquakes and Seismic Waves Key Concepts . Question 5 of 22 4.55/ 4.55 Points Questions 5 through 11 are based on Lab Exercise #2: Locating the Epicenter of an Earthquake. hbbd``b`$C`q9 X_$_g`bdxc`X 1. 1. Once three seismographs have been located, find the time interval between the arrival of the P-wave and the arrival of the S-wave. longer or shorter). Empirical evidence is required to differentiate between cause and correlation and make claims about specific causes and effects. gov For online instructions and current fees click here. Based on your answers to the previous question, what is the lag time for locations that are Activity4:LocatinganEarthquakeEpicenter Objectives:Ifyoucompletealltheproblems,youshouldbeableto: Identif American Geosciences Institute. By looking at the time between the arrivals of the P- and S-waves, one can determine the distance to the earthquake from that station, with longer time intervals indicating longer distance. distance from transducer to the focal point. 2. Activity 4: Locating an Earthquake Epicenter Examining Seismograms The three basic types of seismic wave generated by an earthquake at its focus are Pwaves, Swaves, and Surface waves. 87 0 obj <> endobj xref 87 28 0000000016 00000 n Locating An Earthquake Epicenter Lab Answers Thank you for reading Locating An Earthquake Epicenter Lab Answers . So the difference in the P- and S-wave arrival times determines the distance between the epicenter and a seismometer. HTn {0,`K6}(J6]&Q^"!q57y_VQ9fp3/?Mc=KGsrrt:c\$Lh`4}>C>`qcSj0[YpZ_Su(322/N Z./$E )H %C[5ph[BUyGh7|!XPQiDjJ(|BNvylk+g;9G(#Aby>Jcf`XmnwtDD+;Z^I&Sb-4!7oi` L7 endstream endobj 78 0 obj <> endobj 79 0 obj <>stream Earthquakes Living Lab: Finding Epicenters & Measuring Magnitudes. There are two sets of data and maps to do this activity/ lab for than once. E}g7$i(=K)"aj%v]vPcYloi@X3noGX{[XucOgkdF.>Ym^fwrQf;8_Nok3w\;?n_Hhc?>k\o[%DgwJ'3d.lTqDy_aJw! In this 1-to-10 logarithmic scale, each succeeding level representing 10 times as much energy as the last. Mr Gneiss. ' endstream endobj 69 0 obj <> endobj 70 0 obj [85 0 R] endobj 71 0 obj <> endobj 72 0 obj <> endobj 73 0 obj <>stream triangulation: A method to determine exactly where an earthquake originates. Construct an oral and written argument supported by empirical evidence and scientific reasoning to support or refute an explanation or a model for a phenomenon or a solution to a problem. 0000030240 00000 n Explains how to find an earthquake epicenter using at least three seismograph stations. Do you agree with this alignment? After reading about earthquakes, open a new window to an Earthquake Simulator at, Follow the simulation instructions. Divide the class into student pairs, and have them assemble at their computers with journals/paper and writing instruments. aqmd. 4. d>(ZvO= 0000006984 00000 n Figure 13.10). epicenter of an earthquake, how The answer is the San Andreas Fault. (Source: USGS, Wikipedia). How do we determine the epicenter of an earthquake? Learn more How Can I Locate the Earthquake Epicenter? The vertical lines, spaced one, minute apart, represent the passage of time, (from left to right). 0000001893 00000 n endstream endobj startxref https://people.wou.edu/~taylors/gs104/lab5key.pdf Locating Earthquake Epicenters | CK-12 Foundation Apr 8, 2020 . The period of a wave is the time between two adjacent wave peaks. Take a few minutes to read the information on the left side of this page for the 2010 earthquake off the coast of central Chile. Specifically, seismographs make recordings (seismograms) of the seismic waves generated from earthquakes, providing engineers and other researchers with data that they use to make predictions about future earthquakes. 0000033429 00000 n How is the magnitude of an earthquake determined? 0000005149 00000 n If your seismograph station is For purposes of this activity, the least complicated and probably most accurate approach is to just use the term "magnitude," without needing to say "on the Richter scale" or "on the moment magnitude scale." (Grades %%EOF Thanks for your feedback! 0000115324 00000 n This page titled 13.4: Locating an Earthquake Epicenter is shared under a CC BY-SA license and was authored, remixed, and/or curated by Deline, Harris & Tefend (GALILEO Open Learning Materials) . 1) Identify the general term for waves released from an earthquake. The three seismograms in this activity are unfi ltered station records from a single event that occurred on August 1, 1999. Place a ruler (or straight edge) on the chart between the points you marked for the distance to the epicenter and the amplitude. As the drum rotated, t, pen recorded the arrival of P, S, and surface, between arrival of P and S waves is called, epicenter, the longer the lag time measured, velocity, amplitude, and frequency of the. The calculated distance from each seismometer to the earthquake is shown as a circle. Seismic Waves. One seismogram indicates the distance to the epicenter. a project of D2L (www.achievementstandards.org). Do you agree with this alignment? The real-world earthquake data is viewable via a graphical interface using a scaling map. An earthquake is the violent movement of tectonic plates in the Earth's crust. Follow this simple guide to edit Locating the epicenter of an earthquake worksheet answer key in PDF format online free of charge: Explore all the advantages of our editor right now! 0000053998 00000 n Now on the main page of the Earthquakes Living Lab website (see Figure 2), note the featuring of four active seismic areas and the mapping of real-time and current data from earthquakes happening around the world. Students learn how engineers build shake tables that simulate the ground motions of the Earth caused by seismic waves in order to test the seismic performance of buildings. Zip. A single recording station can only calculate distance, but not direction; to cover all possibilities, a complete circle is drawn around that station. The distance to the earthquake epicenter is then determined using the "Earthquake P-Wave and S-Wave Travel Time" graph. Describe the logarithmic nature of the earthquake magnitude scale. Question: ACTIVITY 2B Locating an Earthquake Figure 5 shows seismograms for the same earthquake recorded at three locations-New York; Nome, Alaska; and Mexico City. 0000002383 00000 n What about P waves? 9 - pen recorded the arrival of P, S, and surface 0000001396 00000 n hWmo9+[+UH EkNB|6YiaVJ=cRh7{T1R,5LI1$K=s)XR&87@&$LTPLutlcyNuzjf--\?qaXZM&HM.Eg"HnTqSWqN0&~2kf0 Md|d&:zhe)7I? (Listen to student ideas.) Facility Name Busine Child ren Information Child Name C. Child Social Security Number Type of Case being filed - Check only one category. travel time for P waves. between arrival of P and S waves is called Contact the teacher to find out the length of the class period, as well as how many copies of handouts and sets of materials you need to bring. These natural disasters may be mitigated, however, by insightful and creative engineering. Through the online Earthquakes Living Lab, student pairs explore various types of seismic waves and the differences between shear waves and compressional waves. The travel-time graph Figure 1 is a simplified example of a 12), Evaluate ways that technology can impact individuals, society, and the environment. A circle is drawn from each of the three different seismograph locations, where the radius of each circle is equal to the distance from that station to the epicenter. Use this information to complete the following. Add to Library. 0000098546 00000 n Some places are more prone to earthquakes than others. While earthquake locations are normally done with a computer that can quickly determine the paths of seismic waves through the Earth to many seismic stations, 15 Introduction to Geology Chapter Worksheet . 0000005081 00000 n Then from the same recordings they determine the earthquake's magnitude, an estimate of the amount of energy released during the earthquake. Use the process of triangulation to locate an earthquake's epicenter. Type text, add images, blackout confidential details, add comments, highlights and more. Focus. approximate period of the surface waves in seconds? [*aiLG?+J\QI86~}ooRrr!pm}dk@dBbZPMZlC4C\9^ SM.R\!H+$|+DUzt^w{" %&{KXjT'9yzT^UFe:+f(`PU_9%EW@\)?i qp!\G Z endstream endobj 75 0 obj <>stream 0000001408 00000 n Then locate and click the link in the center of the page under the question: "How is an earthquake epicenter located and how is magnitude determined?" 4. ya{I;W@DgMN2:UtbT=*+cY1.8Vm(u3Zt"J @9TAjJH@H_F3n7\Srdw~gAR#JQGj`ueS! X!.43p2t!}SLx-3z.KN4X+H\+vk? Using this resource students find the arrival times of P-waves and S-waves using a seismogram. The western U.S. has more faults than the eastern U.S., and therefore the western U.S. has more earthquakes. Before going to the classroom, you will need to: Provide each student, with the following: Earthquakes occur every day all over the United States and all over the world. 5 4. If you can't find an answer to your question, please contact us. Finally, the location of the 3 seismographs are placed on a map and the distance to the epicenter is used to draw a circle with an origin at each seismograph and a radius equal to the distance to the epicenter as taken from each seismogram. Practice with Triangulation: Locating an earthquake epicenter. You can also download it, export it or print it out. Locating an Epicenter through Triangulation of Seismic Data- Remote/Hybrid/Live. A.45 seconds B.50 seconds C.55 seconds D.65 seconds Answer Key: D The point of origin of an earthquake is called its focus and the point on the Earth's surface directly above the focus is the epicenter. (from left to right). ACTIVITY 4.2B Locating an Earthquake Figure 4.5 shows seismograms for the same earthquake recorded at three locations - New York, Nome, Alaska, and Mexico City. As discussed earlier in this lesson, this method of determining the epicenter of an . 0000001604 00000 n Entering the three maximum amplitudes generates a nomogram, a graphical device that simplifies the process of estimating magnitude from distance (determined earlier in the tutorial from the S-P interval process) and amplitude. Alignment agreement: Please answer the following questions using the earthquake video - shake, shake, shake. 0000106240 00000 n P wave. The wavelength and frequency of a wave are related to one another by the speed of travel of the wave, which depends on the type of wave and the medium through which it is passing. Nov 2, 2020 Triangulation is used to determine the location of an earthquake. 13 4 locating an earthquake epicenter geosciences libretexts . Great exercise for Regents Earth Science. If the lag time were measured at a location closer to the epicenter, how would it compare 0000002840 00000 n 3. Epicenter is the location on the surface of the Earth directly above where the earthquake starts. As you read and complete the activity, take notes so you can complete the. Looking at the nomogram, students click on each location data point to see where the three lines intersect to read the estimated magnitude. How does the lag time change as you get farther and by. This worksheet focuses on using the p and s graph to find different variables. Yw8SxGk}X3kfTfW& gk`41#'uf7"G\fsN4^8jC7[+%`qFLFKpFc 0000030504 00000 n First, determine the P-wave arrival, and read down to the bottom of the seismogram to note at what time (usually marked in seconds) that the P-wave arrived.
