what did nasa see on january 1st 2022

lunar phase. The mirror deployment team incrementally moved all 132 actuators located on the back of the primary mirror segments and secondary mirror. Analog to Polaris the north pole star, Is it possible to observe this comets motion. And through a telescope, it's a sight you'll never forget. Robert Nemiroff You'd have to go back four years, to March of 2018, to find twilight skies with no bright planets. featured, along with a brief explanation written by a professional astronomer. The fact that it looked simple is a tribute to all those over the years who have worked towards Webb mission success. U.S. During the past month, JWST has achieved amazing success and is a tribute to all the folks who spent many years and even decades to ensure mission success, said Bill Ochs, Webb project manager at NASAs Goddard Space Flight Center. Now that the action-packed deployment sequence is over, we are moving into a much slower, yet deliberate, phase of the commissioning process. Bill Dunford Cooling of the telescope and instruments will also continue over the next month, with the near-infrared instruments ultimately reaching 37-39 kelvins. You can find out what image of space Nasa took on your birthday at the Nasa website, with a section dedicated to the Hubble's photos. This animation shows the last 30 seconds of Cassini's X- and S-band radio signals as they disappeared from mission control on Sept. 15, 2017. the galactic plane near the right edge. Hubble has recently been joined in the skies by an even more powerful space telescope the 7.4 billion James Webb Space Telescope, which reached its final destination, a million miles from Earth, last month. Poet Laureate Ada Limn is crafting a new poem dedicated to NASAs Europa Clipper mission. A service of: Speaking of morning skies, the planet Venus will be at its brightest for the year in February, around mid-month. So start off your new year by catching a few shooting stars after midnight on January 3rd. setTimeout(function(){ By mid-month, it's setting only about an hour after the Sun. "Once more unto the breach, dear friends," mission commander Bowen, quoting Shakespeare's "Henry V," said just before liftoff. Bookmark this post. In what will be SpaceX's third flight of 2022, the company is set to loft 49 Starlink satellites into space on a Falcon 9 rocket from NASA's Launch Complex 39A at the Kennedy Space Center in. Editors Note: This post was updated to clarify the strength vs. stiffness of beryllium. The Ka-band provides a much higher data rate than the S-band that Webb has been using for communications up until now. The timeline will be updated as major deployments resume. var w = window.innerWidth Well be updating it. The solar-powered lander has run out of energy after more than four years of science on the Red Planet. Embed this resource by pasting the following code into your website: Managing Editor: The dashboard displays the date of closest approach, approximate object diameter, relative size and distance from Earth for each encounter. A daily update by email. Scientists have completed the longest-ever study tracking temperatures in Jupiters upper atmosphere where its signature colorful striped clouds form. images all combined at the same pixel scale. toggleFullscreenMessage() It will make its closest approach to the sun, or perihelion, on Jan. 12, and will then whip past Earth. Work on the deployment of Webbs sunshield mid-booms went late into the night yesterday. Jupiter's Great Red Spot, seen here in an amazing mosaic composite image from artist and filmmaker Michael Benson, is a massive cyclone about twice the size of Earth. Comet C/2021 A1 (Leonard) on December 21, 2021 from Rincon, Puerto Rico by Raymond Negron. The instruments are cooling, too, in a gradual and carefully controlled manner, and Webb is also continuing to gently coast outwards toward L2. The cryocooler will cool MIRI to 6 kelvins in the following months. Phil Davis heads the Southern Cross near top At 12:34 a.m. The calendar month, a composite portrait of Credit: NASA/Goddard/University of Arizona/Lockheed Martin. Toss a note in a bottle and hope that it helps function receiveMessage(event){ Webb, welcome home! said NASA Administrator Bill Nelson. The six Apollo landing sites are revealed chronologically as the phase and libration of the Moon is shown throughout the Apollo era. Today, at 2 p.m. EST, Webb fired its onboard thrusters for nearly five minutes (297 seconds) to complete the final postlaunch course correction to Webbs trajectory. So why send Webb to orbit Sun-Earth L2? Hvis du nsker at tilpasse dine valg, skal du klikke p Administrer privatlivsindstillinger. After two weeks of complex structural deployments, Webb has passed a major milestone and is now fully unfolded in space. 2022 January 1 The Full Moon of 2021 Image Credit & Copyright: Soumyadeep Mukherjee Joining the pair in the southeastern sky will be Venus. This site is maintained by the Planetary Science Communications team at, Ingenuity Mars Helicopter: Attempting the First Powered Flight on Mars, Final Orbits: Cassini Grand Finale (Animation), What's Up Video: April 2020 Skywatching Tips from NASA, Cassini's last X- and S-band radio signals, Voyager 2 Trajectory through the Solar System, GLOBE Observer Quick Data Viz - 5 Min Intervals with Eclipse Shadow, NASA Scientist for a Day 2019-2020: Target No. In the center of this line of stars is one that looks kind of fuzzy. Jupiter makes its exit, Venus at peak brightness, and the star-forming cloud next door. So pour me another, its good for my health L1, L2, and L3 are meta-stable locations with saddle-shaped gravity gradients, like a point on the middle of a ridgeline between two slightly higher peaks wherein it is the low, stable point between the two peaks, but it is still a high, unstable point relative to the valleys on either side of the ridge. Webb is an international program led by NASA with its partners, ESA (European Space Agency)and theCanadian Space Agency. This animation, from Cassini's navigation team, shows the spacecraft's final orbits in 2016 and 2017. }) This animation shows a color-coded map from NASA's Dawn mission revealing the highs and lows of topography on the surface of dwarf planet Ceres. As folks on Webb know, Im a pretty big Jimmy Buffett fan (understatement Im a parrot head). This video details the spacecraft's approach and orbit insertion. Despite its high speed, youll find that its distance from Earth and the vast distances in our solar system will cause the comet to appear as a very slow-moving object. Follow him on Twitter, Facebook and Instagram at @EmreKelly. Live coverage of the deployment, from the Webb Mission Operations Center at the Space Telescope Science Institute in Baltimore, will stream on nasa.gov/live starting no earlier than 9 a.m. EST. 3 - Charon, NASA's Dawn Spacecraft Flight Over Occator Crater, Venus' Squishy' Outer Shell May Be Resurfacing the Planet, NASA Administrator Selects New Head of Science, Poem by U.S. GSFC CNN . And although were not hearing reports of people viewing the comet with the unaided eye Comet Leonard is still a good binocular comet. As part of this effort, the motors made over a million revolutions this week, controlled through 20 cryogenic electronics boxes on the telescope. Its exceptionally close pass of bright Venus (2.6 million miles, or 4.2 million km) happened on December 17-18. Design & Development: Each day a different image or photograph of our fascinating universe is // console.log("received message", event) This enables them to get cold for infrared sensitivity, yet still access nearly half the sky at any given moment for observations. }, 300) A science communicator and educator since 1976, Byrd believes in science as a force for good in the world and a vital tool for the 21st century. & Michigan Tech. center, with the dark expanse of the Coalsack nebula tucked under the The big news for Webb this week was the final insertion into orbit around the second Lagrange point. For more on these and other stories, follow us on the web at nasa.gov/twan. Other space-based observatories including WMAP, Herschel, and Planck orbit Sun-Earth L2 for the same reasons. But rest assured that this summer will sizzle with the hot (nay cold?) if(event.data == "toggle_fullscreen"){ Privacy Policy and Important Notices. Im so damn lucky to have an all-star crew Nasas new space telescope snaps first image: a star that exploded in the 17th century, Nasa has some concerns about Elon Musk launching 30,000 satellites, Do not sell or share my personal information. Just look NASA astronauts Stephen Bowen and Warren Hoburg, the United Arab Emirates' Sultan Alneyadi, and Russian cosmonaut Andrey Fedyaev will launch in a . Like planets, comets do move in front of the star background. external galaxies Stay up to date with all of NASA's missions to explore the solar system and beyond at nasa.gov. function receiveMessage(event){ Monday, January 10, 2022. Credit: NASA/JPL-Caltech/Michael Benson ( https://buff.ly/3r0unsJ) Europa and the Great Red Spot. (MTU) & $full.find('iframe').css({'height': h, 'width': w, 'min-width': '', 'max-width': ''}) & Michigan Tech. Authors & editors: fullHeightWidthIframe() In the meantime, there are several smaller deployments in the next couple of weeks, which constitute the beginning of a several-month phase of aligning the telescopes optics. Its traveling at 158,084 miles per hour (254,412 km/h or 70.67 km/second) relative to Earth. The fine steering mirror is critical to the process of image stabilization. } Not only would that big burn cost a lot of propellant, it would be impossible because it would require Webb to turn 180 degrees in order to thrust toward the Sun, which would have exposed its telescope optics and instruments directly to the Sun, thus overheating their structures and literally melting the glue that holds them together. function fullHeightWidthIframe(){ function toggleFullscreenMessage(){ The deployments could not have gone more perfectly. latest news, feel-good stories, analysis and more, Scientists find hidden corridor in 4,500-year-old Great Pyramid of Giza, New disease caused by plastic found in birds for the first time, Stadium-sized asteroid to come within 2,000,000 kms of Earth. if($full.length > 0){ window.addEventListener("message", receiveMessage, false) Phil Davis Lagrange points are labeled L1 through L5 and are preceded by the names of the two gravitational bodies that generate them (the big one first). console.log("Toggling fullscreen", $('.webgl_module_container').length) Similar to your arm giving the ball energy to go up a few meters from the Earths surface, the Ariane 5 rocket gave Webb energy to go the great distance of 1.1 million kilometers, but not quite enough energy to escape Earths gravity. He has also offered dozens of conferences related to asteroids and comets at the Arecibo Observatory. After revealing a trove of details about the moons Ganymede and Europa, the mission to Jupiter is setting its sights on sister moon Io. Comet leonard is brightening more than expected! is easy to spot in star trail images of the southern sky. Researchers have explored this imprint back t Credit: NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center. Robert Nemiroff I know Im so privileged to work with the best and setTimeout(function(){ NASA projects that the. What's Up for January? ET on December 17 (02:08 UTC on December 18). $('body').css('overflow','hidden') Karen Richon, Webbs Flight Dynamics lead engineer, describes getting Webb to L2 and keeping it there: Think about throwing a ball straight up in the air, as hard as you can; it starts out very fast, but slows down as gravity pulls it back towards Earth, eventually stopping at its peak and then returning to the ground. Bob King pointed out at Skyandtelescope.com, See more Comet Leonard photos at EarthSky Community Photos. The dashboard displays the next five Earth approaches to within 4.6 million miles (7.5 million kilometers or 19.5 times the distance to the moon); an object larger than about 150 meters that can approach the Earth to within this distance is termed a potentially hazardous object. That deployment is still expected to take place over at least two days. SpaceX launches NASA's Crew-6 mission from Kennedy Space Center. Published: December 30, 2021. While all Lagrange points are gravitational balance points, not all are completely stable. Furthermore, by orbiting rather than being exactly at L2, Webb will never have the Sun eclipsed by Earth, which is necessary for Webbs thermal stability and for power generation. While we still have a long way to go before getting the science, the engineering feats that have been accomplished, on Earth and now in space, are awe-inspiring. Its about the same speed at which grass grows! The stripes still look mismatched, but they show The mission operations teams next major step is to turn off instrument heaters. Because it is an ideal location for an infrared observatory. during 2021's two lunar eclipses. Now that Webbs primary mirror segments and secondary mirror have been deployed from their launch positions, engineers will begin the sophisticated three-month process of aligning the telescopes optics to nearly nanometer precision. Enter the month and date below to find out! }, 300) That's what's up this week @NASA . The Asteroid Watch dashboard tracks asteroids and comets that will make relatively close approaches to Earth. Specific rights apply. Finally, a couple of highlights at dusk and dawn. By Jonathan Gardner, Webb deputy senior project scientist, NASAs Goddard Space Flight Center, And Alexandra Lockwood, project scientist for Webb science communications, Space Telescope Science Institute. 10:42 a.m. MORE : Nasas new space telescope snaps first image: a star that exploded in the 17th century, MORE : Nasa has some concerns about Elon Musk launching 30,000 satellites, Follow Metro across our social channels, on Facebook, Twitter and Instagram, Get your need-to-know The average distance between Earth and the moon is about 239,000 miles (385,000 kilometers). The Seven Sisters meet the evening star, Mars continues its getaway, and unpacking the Moon illusion. } This mid-course correction burn inserted Webb toward its final orbit around the second Sun-Earth Lagrange point, or L2, nearly 1 million miles away from the Earth. May and November Have you ever seen a meteorite streaking across the sky? And because L2 is a location of gravitational equilibrium, it is easy for Webb to maintain an orbit there. Comet Leonard swept closest to Earth on December 12, 2021, passing some 21 million miles (34 million km) away. Privacy Policy and Important Notices NASA's SpaceX Crew-6 mission launches from Kennedy Space Center in Florida with three astronauts and a cosmonaut on Thursday, March 2, 2023. Clicking on the encounter date will display a Web page with details about that object. if(event.data == "toggle_fullscreen"){ Thomas Valdez tells how his early penchant for tinkering with things followed a path that led him to a career as a research engineer. Contact Jamie Groh at JGroh@floridatoday.com. (92mm Refractor Telescope). the familiar lunar nearside at each brightest What's Up for February? TEA-TEB ignites on contact with air, allowing the Merlin engines to fire and produce up to 1.7 million pounds of thrust. ), we are all overjoyed with the incredible successes of the observatory to date. By the way, astronomer Greg Leonard discovered this comet as 2021 began, giving it its name. January begins with a new moon on the 2nd. Firefox users: To easily share your birthday image on social media, you might . Jupiter makes its exit, Venus at peak brightness, and the star-forming cloud next door. setTimeout(function(){ What's Up for January? Social Media Lead: New year, new Moon; midnight meteors; and Mars rises. } New year, new Moon; midnight meteors; and Mars rises. $full.find('iframe').css({'height': h, 'width': w, 'min-width': '', 'max-width': ''}) As always, dark skies are recommended for this diffuse object. Credit: NASA. If the Ariane had given Webb even a little bit too much energy than needed to get it to L2, it would be going too fast when it got there and would overshoot its desired science orbit. Thus, those big 12.5-millimeter moves for each segment are split up into many, many short moves that happen one actuator at a time. After the last wing deployment, more than one person made comments like, it seemed so simple; did we overstate the complexity and difficulty of the deployments? The perfection of the deployment execution and the subsequent activities reflects directly on how hard everyone worked and the diligence and sacrifice it took on the part so many people. } else { Please check back to hear more status updates, in-depth explanations of Webbs science and technology, and even some fun team anecdotes! ASD at https://t.co/d4sX1SDdYZ, C/2021 A1 (Comet Leonard) (@Comet2021a1) December 15, 2021. Editor: Gary Daines. We are now on the verge of aligning the mirrors, instrument activation and commissioning, and the start of wondrous and astonishing discoveries.. }) in their own right and satellites of the mighty Milky Way. fullHeightWidthIframe() The Ariane 5 targeted Webb so accurately that our first and most critical burn was smaller than we had to plan and design for, leaving more fuel for an extended mission!, Karen Richon, Webb Flight Dynamics lead engineer, NASAs Goddard Space Flight Center. Today, at 1:17 p.m. EST, NASAs James Webb Space Telescope completed all of its large-scale deployments with the extension and latching of its starboard primary mirror wing. The team chose a bright star (magnitude 6.7 at a distance of about 260 light-years, as measured by Gaia). It's visible to the unaided eye under relatively dark skies, and is easily seen with binoculars as a faint haze. Asteroid 33012EddieIrizarry, a 7.8 km space rock, has been named in his honor. BREVARD, Fla. An international crew of three astronauts and a cosmonaut launched from Kennedy Space Center early Thursday, kicking off a roughly six-month science mission to the International Space Station. NASA and SpaceX previously tried to launch Crew-6 on Monday, Feb. 27, but an issue with the system that ignites the Falcon 9 rocket's Merlin main engines forced teams to stand down and troubleshoot. Poet Laureate Ada Limn Will Ride to Europa on NASA Spacecraft, NASA Retires InSight Mars Lander Mission After Years of Science, 40-Year Study Finds Mysterious Patterns in Temperatures at Jupiter, Juno Explores Jovian Moons During Extended Mission. Privacy Policy and Important Notices That way is both simpler (in terms of the complexity of the control electronics) and safer (since computers and sensors can closely monitor each individual actuator as it works). The comet might be glimpsed with the eye alone, the tricky thing will be to catch it at just the right time after sunset, not too early (when bright twilight will wash it out) and not too late (when it will have set). Seeking skywatching highlights in June 2020? The Quadrantid meteor shower peaks on the night of January 2nd and the morning of the 3rd. Mag 2.6!? January 21, 2022. The Webb mission operations team has given the go-ahead to move forward with the extension of its starboard primary mirror panel. near a perigee or closest approach U. NASA Web function toggleFullscreenMessage(){ By that we mean that this comet takes tens of thousands of years to complete an orbit around the sun. And we dont do them all at once. } That is the first star Webb will point at to gather engineering data to start the mirror alignment process. And look for it to become a morning planet in April. The mirror control system is designed to operate only one actuator at a time. So Comet Leonard is the best comet weve had this year. "Much appreciated call for the scrub the other night," Bowen,previously a space shuttle astronaut, said just before Thursday's liftoff. As Bob King pointed out at Skyandtelescope.com in October 2021: Orbital calculations revealed that the object had spent the last 35,000 years wending its way sunward after reaching aphelion at the chilling distance of around 3,500 AU (3,500 times the distance between our Earth and sun). distance from Kolkata, India, planet Earth. Ordinary 735 or 1050 binoculars from a discount store will surely show it to you (if your sky is dark). Webb mission management decided this morning to pause deployment activities for today and allow the team to rest and prepare to begin Webb's sunshield tensioning tomorrow, Sunday, Jan. 2. depending on its observations we will soon be sharing! $(window).resize(function(){ Webb is an international program led by NASA with its partners, ESA (European Space Agency)and theCanadian Space Agency. Embed this resource by pasting the following code into your website: Managing Editor: To view any and every point in the sky over the course of time requires merely waiting a few months to travel farther around the Sun and reveal more of the sky that was previously behind the Sun. A detailed breakdown of Webbs orbit can be found here. Sound waves from the nascent universe, called baryon acoustic oscillations (BAOs), left their imprint on the cosmos by influencing galaxy distribution. And its near Venus, the brightest planet! Authors & editors: Youd do it by taking a close look at the comets position relative to background stars. Design & Development: featured, along with a brief explanation written by a professional astronomer. He loves public outreach and has published multiple astronomy articles for EarthSky, as well as for newspapers in Puerto Rico. Driving around today, the song Book On The Shelf came on, and this verse (particularly the third line, and I changed the fifth line) just shouted the JWST team to me. It rises with Mars around 4 a.m. and is visible low in the southeast until sunrise. The history-making Viking 1 mission launched 35 years ago. The sample was originally collected by the rover on Dec. 29, 2021, from a . U.S. var w = window.innerWidth Older people walking less than 2,000 steps a day at higher risk of heart attack, Hubble Space Telescope took on your birthday. Yes, if youre a careful observer and willing to spend some time. Specific rights apply. } Of all the unusual and different ways you could mark your birthday, finding out what was going on in space while you were celebrating down on Earth has to rank pretty highly. The best way would be with a small telescope. ASD at near an apogee, #CometLeonard pic.twitter.com/ocU42M65wC, Space Physics ?? fullHeightWidthIframe() You should note that you cannot search for a specific year, with a photo from a random year shown for each date. Thank you! Were excited to be on this journey to #UnfoldTheUniverse with you., Alexandra Lockwood, project scientist for Webb science communications, Space Telescope Science Institute. For the latest, visitfloridatoday.com/launchschedule. When NIRCam reaches 120 kelvins (approximately -244 degrees Fahrenheit, or -153 degrees Celsius), Webbs optics team will be ready to begin meticulously moving the 18 primary mirror segments to form a single mirror surface. The Dragon capsule, meanwhile, previously flew three missions: Demo-2 in 2020, Crew-2 in 2021, and Axiom's private Ax-1 mission last year. Oops! Du kan ndre dine valg nr som helst ved at klikke p linkene til Privatlivspanelet p vores websites og i vores apps. In the first four months of the current fiscal year, October to January, the amount seized on the southwest border already . Webb has used as little propellant as possible for course corrections while it travels out to the realm of L2, to leave as much remaining propellant as possible for Webbs ordinary operations over its lifetime: station-keeping (small adjustments to keep Webb in its desired orbit) and momentum unloading (to counteract the effects of solar radiation pressure on the huge sunshield). Note that it is simpler, easier, and more efficient to orbit around L2 than to dwell precisely at L2. Follow her onTwitter at @AlteredJamie. fullHeightWidthIframe() With about two minutes left on the . At 110 feet in height, Terran 1 is about half the height of SpaceX's Falcon 9 and United Launch Alliance's Atlas V. But Relativity says the rocket is mostly 3D printed 85% by mass. Slow and steady does it, for all these gradual processes that get us every day a little bit closer to our ultimate goal of mirror alignment., Marshall Perrin, deputy telescope scientist, Space Telescope Science Institute. The primary mirror segments were driven 12.5 millimeters away from the telescope structure. (But they can appear anywhere in the sky!) streching about 60 degrees across deep southern skies The team is committed to keeping you informed even through the often slow and meticulous parts of this commissioning process. Watch a special episode of NASA Science Live at 3 p.m. EST today to learn more about whats next for the James Webb Space Telescope. A service of: NationalAeronautics and SpaceAdministration, Webb Sunshield Tensioning To Begin Tomorrow, Webb Observes a Globular Cluster Sparkling with Separate Stars, Breaking the Tracking Speed Limit With Webb, Webb Spies Chariklo Ring System With High-Precision Technique, Near Infrared Imager and Slitless Spectrograph Operations Update. And look for Venus to form a trio with the Moon and Mars on the morning of February 26th. We are now ready to align mirrors and commission instruments and have already proven that all the hardware associated with the optics (including 132 actuators) is working beautifully. L2 is also convenient for always maintaining contact with the Mission Operations Center on Earth through the Deep Space Network. Each day a different image or photograph of our fascinating universe is featured, along with a brief explanation written by a professional astronomer. Mathematically, Lagrange points are solutions to what is called the restricted three-body problem. Any two massive, gravitationally significant objects in space generate five specific locations Lagrange points where their gravitational forces and the centrifugal force of the motion of a small, third body such as a spacecraft are in equilibrium. Historical Date: December 30, 2021. Gamma Crucis, a yellowish giant star heads the . $('.webgl_module_container').toggleClass('full') But, to our eyes, they appear to move slowly due to the large distances involved. The novelty and variety of science that this observatory can produce requires thousands of things to be checked ahead of time. What's Up: January 2022. } The Ka-band and the High-Gain Antenna will eventually allow the observatory to send all of the science images and data down to the ground for astronomers around the world to analyze and make discoveries. This is just the first step; HD 84406 will be too bright to study with Webb once the telescope starts to come into focus. That means it has observed some fascinating cosmic wonder every day of the year, including on your birthday. The comet, named C/2022 E3 (ZTF), is currently passing through the inner solar system. After reaching orbit, Hoburg had plenty of praise for the hardware: "As a rookie flyer, that was one heck of a ride. } else { Mars will continue to brighten and climb higher over the next few months, where it'll have super-close conjunctions with Saturn and Jupiter, which we'll tell you about in future videos, so stay tuned! (Imagine Webb holding its mirrors tucked up close to its telescope structure, keeping them extra safe during the vibrations and accelerations of launch.) Big water news from Saturn's tiny moon Enceladus. The process will essentially create an image of 18 random, blurry points of light. Each of the mirrors can be moved with incredibly fine precision, with adjustments as small as 10 nanometers (or about 1/10,000th of the width of a human hair). January begins with a new moon on the 2nd. NASA Web } setTimeout(function(){ Nature provides us with sky events seen once in a lifetime, Comet Leonard is one of these. Simply enter your month and date of birth when prompted, and it will bring up whatever image was taken that day. if($full.length > 0){ The cutting-edge process means rockets can be built in weeks instead of months or years and uses fewer parts. The James Webb Space Telescope is the worlds largest, most powerful, and most complex space science telescope ever built. And, as recent activity shows, theres always the possibility of brightness outbursts as Comet Leonard draws nearer and nearer the sun. I am so filled with pride for our team. NASA.gov brings you the latest images, videos and news from America's space agency. The star is a sun-like G star in the Ursa Major constellation, which can be seen by Webb at this time of the year. NASA / By the time we get to instrument commissioning, we are going to have one hell of a telescope. Every Full Moon of 2021 shines in this year-spanning astrophoto project, Sigma Octantis is little over one degree fom the What did NASA see on my birthday Our universe is a fascinating place filled with stars and mysterious elements. Put on your 3-D glasses for this ride over asteroid Vesta. Venus may be losing heat from geologic activity in regions called coronae, possibly like early tectonic activity on Earth. In many countries, the December Solstice is considered an official change in season: for example the first day of winter in the North. } In 2020, the Hubble Space Telescope achieves its 30th year in orbit, wrote Nasa in a series of blog posts dedicated to the telescope.

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